70 Minn. 282 | Minn. | 1897
According to the allegations of the complaint, as well as the -uncontradicted evidence, the plaintiff was a retail butcher whose business was to buy and slaughter cattle, and sell the meat to his ■customers to be by them used for food. The defendant was a farmer and the owner of a fat steer. The complaint alleges that plaintiff .bought the steer of the defendant for the purposes of his business;
It will be observed that the action was essentially one of tort for fraudulent representations as to the condition, of the animal and the fraudulent concealment of its diseased condition. There was neither allegation nor proof of any express warranty that the animal was fit for human food.
The evidence was undisputed that the animal had the disease known as “lumpy jaw” and hence that its flesh was unwholesome and wholly worthless for food; also that plaintiff and defendant both knew before the sale that it had a lump on one of its jaws which plaintiff himself examined before he made the purchase. We think the evidence was also conclusive that defendant knew the purposes for which plaintiff was purchasing the steer. Assuming, without deciding, that the evidence would have justified the jury in finding that the defendant knew or had good reason to believe that this lump was the result of the disease called “lumpy jaw,” and that the flesh of the animal was unwholesome, and fraudulently concealed this fact from the plaintiff -for the purpose of inducing him to buy, yet the evidence on that point was certainly not conclusive. Neither was that question submitted to the jury.
The court submitted the case to the jury exclusively upon the theory that there was an implied warranty on part of the defendant that the meat of the animal was fit for domestic use, and instructed them that if they found that the meat was diseased and unfit for use as food (upon which the evidence was undisputed) the
The doctrine of an implied warranty on the sale of articles intended for food, if it exists at all, does not extend beyond the casé of a dealer who sells provisions directly to the consumer for domestic use. It does not extend to sales between dealers, whether wholesale or retail, or to sell again and not for consumption by the immediate buyer. • '
We are not aware of any well-considered case to the contrary. While there are expressions in some of the cases which seem to favor a contrary rule, yet we think that an examination will show that in most of them it appeared that the seller knew or had reason to suspect at the time of the sale that the article was unsound and unfit for food, and concealed that fact from the buyer, and hence that the action was really one for deceit and not on a warranty. Indeed, it has been urged by able authorities .that the doctrine of an implied warranty, even in the sale of provisions by a dealer to the immediate consumer, had its origin in the United States in a misconstruction of the meaning of the language used in 3 Bl. Com. 165, the claim being that the author only had reference to an action for deceit. And Mr. Benjamin in his work on Sales (section 670 et seq.) argues very forcibly that in England the responsibility of a victualler, butcher or other dealer in articles of food to the immediate consumer for selling unwholesome food was one imposed by statute, and did not arise out of any contract of implied warranty.
There may be considerations of public policy which should take . sales by dealers in provisions for immediate consumption by the purchaser out of the general rule of caveat emptor, but the exception to the rule certainly does not extend beyond that. This is not a new question in this court. Ryder v. Neitge, 21 Minn. 70. See
We are referred to G. S. 1894, §§ 6805, 6979, 6982, as changing the common-law rule, but we find nothing in them that has any bearing on the question.
Order reversed.