64 Mo. 294 | Mo. | 1876
delivered the opinion of the court.
On the 5th day of December, 1876, the relator filed in this court the following petition for a writ of certiorari to the State Board of Equalization in the above entitled cause, viz : “ Plaintiff, who sues at the relation of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad Company, states that under and by virtue of an act of the General Assembly of the State of Missouri, entitled ‘ An act to' incorporate the Hann. & St. Jo. R. R. Co.,’ approved February 16, 1817, the relator became, and ever since has been and still is a railroad corporation in said State, and as such said relator was authorized to build and maintain a railroad from the town (now city) of Hannibal in said State to the town (now city) of St. Joseph in said State; and also to build and maintain such branches as the relator might deem to its interest, and the public convenience might require ; that in pursuance of said charter, the relator did build, and in the year 1859 it did complete, a railroad from said city of Hannibal to said city of St. Joseph called and known as the Hann. & St. Jo. R. R., and has been ever since, and still is, maintaining and operating the same; and in the year 1867 said relator became the owner of the Quincy and Palmyra branch of,said Hann. •& St. Jo. R. R.; and in the year 1870, said relator became the owner of the Kansas City and Cameron branch of said Hann. & St. Jo. R. R. ; and said relator has been ever since, and still is, maintaining and operating said branches ; that under said charter of the relator its •property was exempt from the payment of all State and county taxes; but under the act of the General Assembly of said State, entitled ‘ An act to accept a grant of land made to the State of Missouri by the Congress of the United States, to aid in the construction of certain railroads in this State, and to apply a portion thereof to the Hann. & St. Jo R. R.,’ approved September the 20th, 1852, said exemption was modified so as to require said
Plaintiff further states, that in and by the fourth section of said act of the General Assembly of said State, the relator was required to accept the provisions of said act within sixth months after the passage thereof; said acceptance to be executed by said relator under its corporate seal, and filed in the office of the Secretary of State, which was done on the terms, in the manner and within the time required.
Plaintiff further states, that in pursuance of said act of the General Assembly of said State, on the first day of February, 1876, the president of said relator furnished to the State Auditor a statement, under his oath, made before and certified by an officer authorized to administer oaths, of the actual value of the road-bed, buildings, machinery, engines, cars and other property of the relator on said first day of February, 1876, and
Plaintiff further states that ever since the completion of said Iiann. & St. Jo. R. R. as aforesaid, the chief office and place of business of said relator has been and still is in the city of Hannibal, in the county of Marion and State of Missouri; that in the Itemized statement returned to and filed with said State Auditor, by said president of the relator, there is an item for ‘ land contracts,’ (face) $2,560,608.88 ; that said contracts are for lands granted to the State of Missouri by said act of congress, and by said act of the General Assembly of said State to said relator, as aforesaid, to aid in building said Hann. & St. Jo. R. R., and by which contracts the relator had agreed to sell and convey the lands embraced in said contracts to the purchasers thereof, upon the full payment of the purchase money therefor, said lands having been sold on time and the title withheld until the full payment of said purchase money should be made.
Plaintiff further states, that on the second Tuesday in May, 1876, said State Auditor laid said statement of the President of the relator, furnished to him as aforesaid, before the respondents as the State Board of Equalization, and rhe respondents, as the State Board of Equalization, assumed to have jurisdiction over railroad property in said State, and over the property of the relator, and also to have all the powers and authority of an original
¡Plaintiff further states that on motion of Mr. McGrath the respondents adopted the following resolution, viz: ‘Resolved, that the amount of land contracts of the Hann. & St. Jo. R. R. Co. be apportioned to counties, cities and incorporated towns along the line of the main and branch lines of said road.’
Plaintiff avers that the respondents had no jurisdiction over the property of the relator to assess, and adjust and equalize it for taxation purposes.
Plaintiff avers that if the respondents had jurisdiction over the relator’s property, it was only to adjust and equalize it, and not to act as an original assessing board. And plaintiff avers that the respondents in acting as an original -assessing board of the
Plaintiff avers that the respondent did not make said assessment according to the evidence adduced before them by the relator ; but they, without evidence a.nd contrary to evidence, arbitrarily placed and fixed such valuation upon the relator’s property as in their opinion should be placed and fixed upon said property, for the purpose of raising a given amount of revenue, without knowing the. value of said property, and without having made any examination and inspection of said property for the purpose of ascertaining said value.
Plaintiff avers that the excess in the valuation of the relator’s property, over and above the valuation placed and fixed upon it by the president of the relator as aforesaid, is unjust, excessive, erroneous and illegal.
Plaintiff avers that the respondents, in apportioning the amount of the land contracts of the relator to the counties, cities and incorporated towns, along the main line of the Hann. & St. Jo. R. R. and branches, acted without the authority of any law; and plaintiff further avers, that said contracts were and are taxable only in the city of Hannibal, in the county of Marion, in said State.
Plaintiff further states that the respondents, whilst acting as the State Board of Equalization as aforesaid, caused to be kept, and kept, a fair and full record of its proceedings and decisions, and caused the same to be signed officially by the president and secretary thereof, and on the 20th of June, 1876, filed said record in the office of Thomas Holladay, as the State Auditor of the State of Missouri on its adjournment (said State Board of Equalization having adjourned on said day), and said record has been ever since, and still is, on file in the office of said State Auditor.
Piaintiff further states that said Thomas Holladay, as State Auditor of said State, on the receipt of theproceedings of said State Board, charged to the relator ón the valuation of the relator’s property, as fixed by said State Board of Equalization as aforesaid, the amount of taxes found to be due the State on each of the several
Plaintiff further states that said valuation of the relator’s property by said State Board of Equalization was placed and fixed at the sum of $7,800,104.05, under and in pursuance of the statutes of said State in regard to the assessment of railroad property and the collection of taxes thereon.
Plaintiff avers that the excess of said valuation over and above the valuation placed and fixed upon the relator’s property by the president of the relator as aforesaid, viz; the sum of $2,092,-761.30, is excessive, erroneous, illegal and unjust.
Plaintiff further avers that said proceedings of said State Board of Equalization were altogether outside of the course of the common law, and likewise outside of any statutory judicial proceedings ; and that no writ of error lies to such proceedings from this or any other court, and no appeal is provided by law or allowed to this or any other court.
Plaintiff further states that at the time of the respondents making said assessment and valuation of the relator’s property as hereinbefore stated, Charles H. Hardin was, and still is, the governor of the State of Missouri; Michael K. McGrath was, and still is, the Secretary of the State of Missouri; Thomas Holladay was, and still is, the State Auditor of the State of Missouri; Joseph W. Mercer was, and still is, the State Treasurer of the State of Missouri, and John A. Hockaday was, and still is, the Attorney General of the State of Missouri, and they sat and acted as the State Board of Equalization of said State.
“ Jambs Carr,
Attorney for Relator.”
On the 8th day of December following, this court ordered a writ of certiorari to be issued returnable on the 16th of December, and on that day respondents made their return. To the return relator filed exceptions which were sustained, and on the following day they filed an amended return, to which exceptions filed by relator were also sustained. On the 25th day of January, 1877, the respondents filed the following second amended return, viz:
“ And now come the respondents, and for their amended return and answer to the rule awarded against them in the above entitled cause, state that they, acting as a State Board of'Equalization in the discharge of their duties as such under the laws of this State, kept a journal of their proceedings which is filed in their return to said writ of certiorari; that they were not required by law, and did not preserve by bill of exception or otherwise, all the testimony taken by them and upon which their said
“ State Board oe Equalization,”
By J. L. Smith, Attorney General.
In their first return to the writ respondents denied that the valuation of the property of relator, fixed and returned by its president for the taxes for 1875, was correct, and aver that it was far below the cash value of the said railroad and property of relator.
They denied that they assessed, adjusted and equalized said property, without first having evidence, or without any knowledge of its value, or that they made no examination of the property in order to ascertain its value, and allege that they examined witnesses well informed in regard to the value of the property, and heard all the evidence offered by relator on the subject, and that the assessment, equalization and adjustment of said property was made in accordance with the evidence.
Relator contends that the State Senate, and not respondents, was the Board of Equalization for 1876.
Section 18, art. 10 of the new Constitution provides that; “ there shall be a State Board of Equalization consisting of the Governor, State Auditor, State Treasurer, Secretary of State, and Attorney General. The duty of said Board shall be to adjust and equalize the valuation of real- and personal property among the several counties in the State, and it shall perform such other duties as are or may be prescribed by law.”
It is insisted, that this section does not constitute the officers named a board of equalization, but that legislation is necessary to give it effect. The word “shall,” argues the counsel, “ imports futurity.” Whether it does or not depends upon the subject of the sentence, and the context with which it is related.
What it means in the 18 th section will more fully appear on an examination of the laws, which existed prior to the adoption of
When the constitution was adopted there was a State Board of Equalization composed of the State Senate. There were acts of the General Assembly prescribing the powers and duties of the Board. Sec. 18, Art. 10, provides that the Board “ shall perform such other duties as are or may be prescribed bylaw.” It will not be contended that the word “are” imports futurity, and this board, composed of the governor and other State officers, shall perform such duties as are prescribed by law at the adoption of the constitution. If the intention had been that the legislature was to pass an act to create this board, is it to be supposed that such phraseology would have been employed ? Besides, where is the necessity for a legislative enactment, when the constitution designates the members of the board and prescribes its duties ?
The constitution provides sec. 1, art. 5, that “ the executive department shall consist of a governor,” etc. Section 4, “ The Supreme executive power shall be vested in a chief magistrate,” etc.
Article 6, sec. 1, “The judicial power of the State shall be vested in a Supreme Court, etc.” Is there any legislation required to make the executive department “ consist of a governor, etc.,” to vest in the supreme court the judicial power of the' State, or to vest the Supreme executive power in a chief magistrate, etc. ?
The duties of the old board under the law are immediately imposed by the constitution upon the new board. In the case of Ketchum vs. The Pac. R. R., reported in the Central Law Journal, vol. 3, No. 45. p. 726, Judge Treat held “ that the Board of Equalization under the new constitution became at once the only board thereafter for that purpose, and was clothed with all the powers and duties of .the board for which it was substituted, and that its acts are valid and obligatory.”
The counsel argues that the first section of the Schedule continues the old board in existence. That portion of the section bearing upon this point is as follows :
*306 “ All laws in force at the adoption of this constitution not inconsistent therewith, shall remain in full force until altered or re-' pealed by the General Assembly.” The law creating the old board is inconsistent with the new constitution, for that makes the senate, and this makes the State officers, the board, and our answer to the position of relator is simply a repetition of our views as to the proper construction of section 18.
It is contended that the act of the General Assembly, upon which the resolution of the board apportioning the tax on the land contracts of the company was based, is unconstitutional.
In support of this position we are referred to numerous authorities to the effect that the situs of personal property and choses in action is where the owner resides, and they are properly taxable there.
The authorities fully establish that proposition, but taxing the property and apportioning taxes are two different procedures. In Washington County vs. St. L. & I. M. R. R. Co., (58 Mo. 376) Judge Lewis delivering the opinion of the court makes the distinction in commenting on section eight of the act of 1871, which is substantially the same as section eight of the act of 1875. He remarks : ‘ ‘The aggregate valuation for each company’s property being thus adjusted, and being also equalized upon a just ratio with all others, the eighth section introduces a process of subdivision. There is neither adjusting nor equalizing, but apportionment only. This, except as to lands, workshops, depots and other buildings, wholly ignores local values. It is based upon ‘ the ratio which the number of miles of such road completed in such county shall bear to the whole length of such railroad.’ Thus one county may contain railroad property worth far more than that within another, and may yet receive a smaller apportionment for taxation by reason of having a less number of miles of road completed within its limits.”
In the State Railroad tax cases, (2 Otto, U. S. 601) the court gives a synopsis of the act of the legislature of Illinois of March 30, 1872, and says; “ The theory of the system is manifestly to treat the railroad track, its rolling stock, its franchise and its capital as a unit for taxation, and to distribute the assessed value
Again, on page 607: “Another objection to the system of taxation by the State is, that the rolling stock, capital stock and franchise are personal property, and that this, with all other personal property, has a local situs at the principal place of business of the corporation, and can be taxed by no other county, city or town, but the one where it is situated.
“ The objection is based upon the general rule of law that personal property, as to its situs, follows the domicile of the owner. It may be doubted, very reasonably, whether such a. rule can be applied to a railroad corporation as between the different localities embraced by its line of road.”'
“ But after all, the rule is merely the law of the State which recognizes it.”
“ Like all other laws of a State, it is, therefore, subject to legislative repeal, modification or limitation; and when the legislature of Illinois declared that it should not prevail in assessing personal property of railroad companies for taxation, it simply exercised an ordinary function of legislation.”
The same general proposition is maintained in Deleware Railroad tax case, 18 Wall. 208; Erie Railroad vs. Penn., 21 Wall. 292, and directly in point is the case of Washington County vs. I. M. R. R. Co., 58 Mo. 372.
The taxing power belongs to the legislature, and is subject to no restrictions or limitations outside-of the United States a nd State Constitutions. (Dwarris on Stat. & Const., 421 and cases there cited.)
The bill of rights of the constitution of 1865, provides that “ all property subject to taxation ought to be taxed in proportion to its value.”
Section 27 art. 4, prohibits the legislature from exempting from taxation, any property of any named person or corporation.
The new constitution contains the same restrictions, and also provides that the State tax on property exclusive of the tax necessary to pay the bonded debts of the State shall not exceed á certain amount on the hundred dollars valuation.
We have no statute in this State regulating the practice on proceedings by certiorari, and are to look to the common law for a guide in such cases.
“Itis a writ in the nature of a writ of error addressed to an inferior court or tribunal whose procedure is not according to the course of the common law, 117 Mass. 564.” A common law writ of certiorari only brings up the record and can only reach defects, or errors in the proceedings of the tribunal to which it is issued, which appear upon the face of the record, and which go to the jurisdiction of that tribunal. The evidence is no part of the record, and it is not the office of the writ to bring up the evidence for review. (28 Wis. 271.)
In certiorari proceedings the determination of the question involved is to be made upon the return ; facts cannot be brought to the attention of the court outside of the return which do not appear therein. (36 Iowa, 15.) ■
The relator in its petition alleges, that the board, without evidence and against evidence, arbitrarily increased the valuation of its property.
The return denies that allegation, and the journal of the proceedings of the board shows that evidence was heard by the board as to the value of that property, but not what that evidence was.
The board was required by the law to keep a full record of its proceedings and decisions, but not of the evidence adduced. That is no part of the record and proceedings of a court in any case until made so by a bill of exceptions or otherwise provided by law. There is nothing before us but the proceedings of the board made part of respondent’s return to the writ. There was
The State Board of Equalization had full power to assess and equalize property under the act of 1875, sec. 7, p. 121, acts of 1875.
This act was in force when the new constitution was adopted, and when the new board equalized, adjusted and assessed relator’s property.
It is, however, contended, that the constitution having provided that the duty of the board shall be to equalize and adjust, its jurisdiction is restricted to equalizing and adjusting, and that any power given to the old board by the law of 1875 to assess, is in conflict with the constitution ; that the jurisdiction of this tribunal was not designed to be as fluctuating as the popular will, but to be as fixed and stable as the constitution itself.
There is plausibility and force in the argument, but we are not to presume that the framers of the constitution were ignorant of the law then in force creating the board and prescribing its duties. Before adopting a new system by creating a new board, we may reasonably assume that they informed themselves of the existing law on that subject. The constitution expressly provides that, in addition to equalizing and adjusting it should perform “ such other duties as are or may be prescribed by law.” We must then look both to' the constitution and the law in force at its adoption to ascertain what duties the board had to perform, and as the law of 1875 made the old board assessors, the new board coming in their stead, is also empowered to assess as well as to equalize and adjust. This point was so ruled by Judge Treat in the case above cited.
Every citizen has an appeal from the assessment of his property for taxation, and railroad companies should have the same right. The writ of certiorari, we have seen, does not enable them to have the action of the board reviewed upon the evidence ; and great injustice might be done them by a board for which
the judgment will be for respondents ;
except as to the construction given-sec. 18, art. 10 of the new constitution.