95 Ind. 383 | Ind. | 1884
The appellee filed a claim against the estate represented by the appellant; the claim was founded on. a promissory note stipulating for attorney’s fees. The appellant pleaded as a set-off that the appellee had executed to the testator, Matthias L. Giltner, in his lifetime, a warranty deed; that there was at the time of the execution of the deed a lien for taxes which the covenantee in the deed was compelled to pay.
There was no error in permitting the appellee to. give evidence of the value of the attorney’s fees stipulated for in the’ note. The provision in the note which constituted the basis of appellee’s claim fully apprised the appellant of the nature of the demand urged against him, and it was his duty, if he had a defence to any part or all of the demand evidenced by the note, to prepare to. meet what the claim filed by the appellee showed was demanded. As no formal pleading was necessary in such a case as this, it was not, of course, necessary to add to the claim any formal demand for judgment of any kind.
The court refused to admit in evidence a tax receipt offered by the appellant, and of this ruling complaint is made. Ordinarily, tax receipts may be given in evidence to prove payment of taxes, but the receipts themselves are simply evidence that money was paid to the treasurer; they are not evidence that the taxes were duly assessed. The statute of 1881 does not make the receipt evidence that the tax had been duly assessed, its whole office is to evidence the payment of money to the treasurer. As the receipt has no other force than that stated, no material error is committed in excluding it where it does not appear that the taxes had been assessed.
In the present case the court refused to allow the receipt to be read in evidence, “ unless,” to quote from the record, “the defendant would agree to introduce other proper evidence that said real estate had been properly assessed and placed upon the tax duplicate, and that the tax specified in
It is not enough for an appellant to show that an error was committed: he must show that it in some way worked him an injury. A harmless error is never cause for reversal.
A party is generally allowed to offer his evidence in the order he chooses, but he can not demand this as a matter of right. Where other evidence is essential to make that offered competent or material,the court may require the party to first introduce the evidence which fixes the competency of that offered. A different rule would often result in occupying time in hearing evidence that the jury have no right to consider, because other evidence essential to make it competent is wanting. A party who refuses to agree to adduce evidence essential to make competent that which he offers has no just reason to complain of a ruling excluding that offered.
The trial court did right in instructing the jury to find for the appellee, for there was no conflict in the evidence, and it was of such a character as gave him a right of recovery.
It is insisted that the court erred in overruling the motion ■to tax the costs against the appellee.. The claim was filed on
It will be observed that the claim was not verified until some time after it was filed, and the question is presented whether this verification will save costs to the claimant. The provision of the statute is, “Unless such statement, when filed, shall be accompanied by the affidavit of the claimant, his agent or attorney, that the claim, after deducting all credits to which the estate is entitled, is justly due and wholly unpaid, the claimant shall be bound for all costs in the prosecution of the claim.” R. S. 1881, section 2310. This language is imperative and is unusually strong. It expresses a command that the claim shall be verified “ when filed,” and the penalty prescribed for a disobedience of this command is that the claimant shall be “bound for all costs in the prosecution of the claim.” There is no room for construction, and there is but one meaning that can be assigned to the language of the statute, and that meaning is, that the claim must be verified “ when filed,” or “ all costs of prosecuting the claim”
Eor the error in overruling the motion to tax costs the judgment must be reversed.
It is accordingly ordered, that' the judgment be reversed and the cause remanded with instructions to sustain appellant’s motion to tax costs.