Hamilton v. Commissioner

1927 BTA LEXIS 3192 | B.T.A. | 1927

Lead Opinion

OPINION.

Gkeen:

The petitioner herein has asserted two conflicting propositions : (1) That as a matter of law his wife was precluded by statute from conveying the assets of the business to him, and (2) that if such-conveyance be a valid one, the 25 per cent of the profits to be paid by him to his wife is deductible as compensation, or as her proportionate share of the net earnings of the partnership.

The petitioner’s counsel calls to our attention, and relies upon, the following provision of chapter 209 of the General Laws of Massachusetts :

Section 2. A married woman may make contracts, oral or written, sealed or unsealed, in the same manner as if she were sole, except (hat she shall not he authorized hereby to make contracts with her husband.

He neglected, however, to call to our attention the section of the law which reads as follows:

Section 3. Gifts of personal property, and conveyance of real estate other than mortgages, between husband and wife, shall be valid to the same extent as if they were sole, except that no such conveyance of real estate shall have any effect, either in passing title or otherwise, until the deed describing the property to be transferred is duly acknowledged and recorded in the registry of deeds for the district where the land lies.

The Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts had these two sections under consideration in the case of English v. English, 229 Mass. 11; 118 N. E. 178. In that case a husband, “intending to ‘ reserve the real estate away from the vicissitudes of business ’ and not to give his wife any beneficial interest but still to own the property if he happened to get into financial difficulties” conveyed certain real estate to his wife, the court finding that she received the conveyance for her own benefit and that of her family.

Of the legal effect of the transaction, the court said:

The title to the property under these circumstances vested absolutely in the wife as between herself and husband. A husband and wife cannot make contracts with each other. R. L. c. 153, § 2; St. 1912, c. 304. When either pays money or transfers or conveys property to the other, there is no presumption that it is received in trust. If a trust is alleged to exist, it must be proved. In the absence of such proof, it must bo deemed that the money, property or conveyance was received with the intention, that it. be applied to the use and benefit of either or both at the discretion of the recipient. Jacobs v. Hesler, 113 Mass. 157, 160, 161; Clark v. Patterson, 158 Mass. 388, 391, 33 N. E. 589, 35 Am. St. Rep. 498.

The court’s opinion in the case just cited is ample authority for a conclusion on our part that the title to all of the personal property passed to the husband since he is in undisputed control thereof, with the knowledge and approval of the wife. Indeed, in any court of equity, she would be in a poor position to contiwert the husband’s title thereto since she had received a substantial consideration therefor.

The opinion in that case is not authority for a conclusion on our part that complete title to the real estate has passed to the husband. It is clear, however, that he has an equitable title thereto. It must be borne in mind that the wife has appeared before us and testified that all of the assets of the business were sold by her to her husband and that she has received and is receiving compensation therefor and also that there are no creditors protesting the validity of the conveyance. Likewise, it must be borne in mind that the husband is in possession with the approval of the wife, and that by deed she may supply tbe defect of title. Under such circumstances we are not justified in bolding that tbe husband has not purchased the property from his wife or that he is not the owner thereof. The courts of Massachusetts have in some instances set aside conveyances made under circumstances that were in part similar and have held void contracts between husband and wife. But the controversy was not between husband and wife. It was between one of them and creditors who felt themselves aggrieved by the conveyance or contract. No such circumstances exist here. There is nothing in the record to indicate the slightest dissatisfaction on the part of either the husband, the wife, or creditors.

We, therefore, conclude that for the purposes of Federal taxation the husband should be considered the owner of all of the assets of the business.

To us it appears that the payment to the wife of 25 per cent of the net profits of the business is in fact the payment annually of a part of the purchase price of the property. From this it follows inevitably that the 25 per cent of the net profits was income to the petitioner and that the payment to his wife was a capital expenditure for which he is entitled to no deduction. See William B. Grise v. Commissioner, 6 B. T. A. 743.

Judgment will be entered for the Commissioner after 15 days'1 notice, under Rule 50.