298 F. 369 | 5th Cir. | 1924
The defendant, Burley H. Hamil, captain of an infantry company in the Alabama National Guard, was convicted on a count of an indictment which charges that he forged the indorsement of one Odis Gáuntt, the payee of a genuine check for $36.40 drawn upon the Treasurer of the United States by a finance officer, in violation of section 148 of the Criminal Code (Comp. St. § 10318). The trial court overruled a demurrer which asserts the proposition that forgery of the indorsement does not constitute forgery of an “obligation or other security of the United States.”
The case was set for trial on the day after the indictment was found, and the defendant moved for a continuance on the grounds that he had not had an opportunity to prepare for -trial, and that the adjutant general, a major, and the lieutenant who had kept the company records were necessary witnesses in his behalf and were absent, and that the lieutenant would testify that he knade out the pay rolls from records which he kept, and that both the pay rolls and the records(were correct. In opposition, to the motion for continuance it was shown that the defendant had been arrested some three weeks earlier, and that ten days before the district attorney had furnished the defendant with a copy of the charges against him, together with notice that the case would be called for trial the day following the finding by the grand jury of an indictment. The attendance at the trial of the adjutant general and the major was secured. The court denied defendant’s motion for continuance on account of the absence of the lieutenant, because it was not shown that he would certainly be present at the next term of court. The motion for continuance was informally made and was not supported by affidavit.
One Ryan, a United States secret service agent, testified to a conversation he had with the defendant, and on cross-examination was asked if he had not paid closer attention to the things which were unfavorable than to those which were favorable to the defendant. On redirect examination, and over defendant’s objection, this witness was permitted to testify that in making his investigation he was merely performing his duty. _ ,
_ The defendant, testifying in his own behalf, admitted that he received Odis Gauntt’s check, indorsed it, and collected the amount of money called for by it. He claimed that Odis Gauntt owed the government for some trousers and shoes which were charged to him, the defendant ; that he made a statement to this effect to Gauntt’s father, and that the latter told him to cash the check and deduct the amount of his son’s indebtedness; and that he did this and paid the balancé over to Gauntt’s
After two witnesses had testified that the defendant’s general reputation for honesty and integrity was good, the court inquired whether it was the intention of the government to offer evidence to the contrary, and, on being informed that it was not, then stated that he would limit character witnesses to four in number. The defendant excepted, but only offered the testimony of one additional witness on this subject.
The court denied defendant’s request to charge the jury that he could not be convicted for forgery if .he had verbal authority or authority reasonably implied to indorse the name of the payee on the check, but of its own motion charged that the defendant could not be convicted if he mistakenly but honestly believed that he was authorized to make the indorsement, and that the burden was upon the government to prove beyond all reasonable doubt, not only that the defendant wrote the payee’s name on the back of the check, but also that in doing so he entertained a criihinal intent to defraud.
There are a number qf other counts in the indictment, but as to them the defendant was acquitted. One of them describes the check as an order in writing, instead of as “an obligation or other security of the United States.” The 'defendant contends that the verdict was thus rendered inconsistent and repugnant, and filed'a'motion for arrest of judgment, which was denied. The various rulings above set out are assigned as error.
Section 147 of the Criminal Code (Comp. St. § 10317) includes a check such as is described in the indictment within the definition of an “obligation or other security of the United States.” We are of opinion that section 148 punishes the forgery of an indorsement of such an obligation or security. The obligation to pay a genuine check does not become complete until it is properly indorsed. The forgery of the indorser’s name is as effective a method of defrauding as is the forgery of the name of the drawer of the check. The demurrer to the indictment therefore was properly overruled. United States v. Jolly (D. C.) 37 Fed. 108; United States v. Albert (C. C.) 45 Fed. 552; De Lemos v. United States, 91 Fed. 497, 33 C. C. A. 655.
The continuance of any case is within the discretion of the trial court, and that discretion, unless it clearly appears that it has been abused, is not the subject of review in an appellate court. It is'true in this case that the defendant was placed upon trial practically immediately after the indictment was found against him. The notice given by the district attorney and the copy of the indictment which was afterwards found did not require the defendant to be ready for as early a trial as was had. The defendant had the right to wait until the grand jury acted before making an effort to procure the attendance of his witnesses. He did not -apply for postponement until a later day during the term of court, but contented himself with a motion for continuance. Two of the three witnesses upon which he based this rnqtion were present at the trial. It is not made to appear by a prop
On cross-examination of the secret service agent, Ryan, counsel sought to make it appear that the witness was unfair to the defendant in his testimony. Because of this, it' was not error to permit the witness to testify on the redirect that in making his investigation he was merely performing his duty. In this way, and because of the cross-examination, the government had the right to show, if it could, that the witness was not prejudiced or unfair.
Odis Gauntt’s father had already denied both on his direct and cross examination that the defendant had stated to' him that Odis Gauntt was indebted to the government for supplies, and it was entirely proper for the court to refuse to allow a second repetition of this testimony.
It was not error for the trial court in its discretion to limit the number of character witnesses, especially after it was announced by the prosecution that it would offer no evidence tending to contradict the testimony that his reputation was good. Chapa v. United States (C. C. A.) 261 Fed. 775.
The charge of the court, given of its own motion, was more, favorable to the defendant than the one requested by him, in that it contains the idea that, even though the defendant had no authority to indorse the check, yet if he honestly believed that he did have he should be acquitted. It follows that it was not error to deny defendant’s request.
The verdict was not rendered inconsistent or repugnant by reason of the fact that the defendant was acquitted on the count which describes the check as an brder in writing. That count was drawn under section 29 of the Criminal Code (Comp. St. § 10193), which relates, among other things, to forgeries of deeds, powers of attorney, orders, or other writings designed for the purpose of obtaining money from the United States. Although it has been held to the contrary, we are of opinion that that section does not relate to the forgery of obligations or securities of the United States. The punishment under the two sections is different. In section 29 the acts denounced must he committed for the purpose of receiving rtioney from the United States, whereas under section 148 an intent to defraud need not be aimed against the United States, but may be general and so alleged, without designating any one in particular.
Reversible error is not made to appear by any of the assignments, and the judgment is affirmed.