Hamby v. Williams
676 S.E.2d 478
N.C. Ct. App.
2009
Check Treatment
STEELMAN, Judge.

Whеre the underinsured motorists provision of an automobile insurance policy provides for payment of “compensatory damages” and the arbitration award defers the issue of prejudgment interest to the trial court, the trial court erred in refusing to award plaintiff prejudgment interest on the amount of the arbitration award.

I. Factual and Procedural Background

Benji Hamby (plaintiff) filed this action on 17 May 20.06 to recover monetary damages for bodily injuries suffered in an automobile accident that occurred in the course and scope of his employment on 22 May 2003. Defendant Adam Williams was the driver of the other vehicle in the accident, which was owned by Jane Williams. Prior to the filing of plaintiffs complaint, Williams’ insurer, Encompass Insurance, tendered its full policy limits of $30,000.00 to plaintiff. The Williamses are not parties to this appeal.

Plaintiff was operating a vehicle owned by his employer at the time of the accident. The insurance policy on that vehicle had under-insured motorists insurance coverage. On 31 July 2006, plaintiff requested binding arbitration with the underinsured motorist carrier (UIM carrier), which was an unnamed party to this action. On 14 August 2006, the parties entered into, a Consent Order compelling binding arbitration of plaintiff’s underinsured motorist claim. This action was stayed, with the trial court retaining jurisdiсtion of the matter until it was fully concluded. Prior to the arbitration hearing, the parties entered into stipulations, including that: “The parties agree that the issue to be determined by the arbitration panel is: What amоunt is the Plaintiff entitled to recover for his damages resulting from the auto accident of May 22, 2003?”

On 21 November 2007, the arbitration panel heard arguments from counsel and reviewed the evidence. The question of whether plaintiff was entitled to prejudgment interest was raised before the arbitration panel. On 7 December 2007, plaintiff was awarded $250,000.00, with interest and costs specifically being excluded. Rather than deciding whether plaintiff was entitled to prejudgment interest, the arbitration panel passed this issue back to the trial court by stating: “Counsel for Plaintiff presented the issue of prejudgment interest, together with evidence of the filing date of the lawsuit. Counsel for Defendant did not consent to our awarding a specific stated sum on this issue. The matter is therefore deferred to the Superior Court for further review.”

On 7 January 2008, plaintiff filed a Motion fоr Interest and Determination of Workers’ Compensation Payments. Plaintiff asserted that UIM carrier had made payment in the amount of $112,138.26 on 21 December 2007 and that UIM carrier had erroneously calculated рlaintiff’s workers’ compensation benefits in the amount of $109,114.29. ‍‌​​​​​‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‍Plaintiff asserted the correct amount was $103,160.68. Plaintiff further requested an award for payment of interest on the arbitration award in the amount of $31,178.07, confirmation of the current amount of workers’ compensation benefits paid to and on behalf of plaintiff, and confirmation of the award against UIM carrier.

On 16 January 2008, UIM carrier filed a Memorandum in Oppositiоn to plaintiff’s motion and argued plaintiff was not entitled to interest on the arbitration award. UIM carrier also requested a determination of the amount of workers’ compensation payments made tо plaintiff.

The matter was heard on 22 January 2008. By order filed on 5 February 2008, the trial court denied plaintiff’s motion for interest and confirmed the arbitration award. The trial court further ordered: (1) UIM carrier was entitled to аn offset in the amount of $133,160.68 based upon the payment of $30,000.00 by the liability carrier and the payment of $103,160.68 in workers’ compensation benefits and (2) UIM carrier had made payment in partial satisfaction of the arbitration award in the amount of $112,138.26 on 21 December 2007. Plaintiff appeals.

II. Preiudgment Interest

Plaintiff brings forward five assignments of error contending that the trial court erred in confirming the arbitration award without prejudgment interest. We agreе, and consolidate the five assignments of error for purposes of analysis.

In the instant case, a copy of the applicable insurance policy was certified by UIM carrier, and is included in the record on appeal. The policy appears to provide for underinsured motorists coverage of $1,000,000.00. It contains an endorsement for uninsured motorist coverage, but no endorsement for undеrinsured motorist coverage. The parties and, in particular, UIM carrier have treated the provisions of the uninsured motorists coverage endorsement as controlling, making specific reference to those pages of the policy. We treat this as a stipulation that the referenced provisions control.

A. Was Preiudgment Interest Authorized bv Policy?

We first determine whether the insurance policy provided for prejudgment interest. UIM сarrier contends that the policy “does not specify anywhere that a party is entitled to prejudgment interest on an arbitration or jury award.” This assertion is incorrect. The applicable provisiоn of the policy provides that “[UIM carrier] will pay all sums the ‘insured’ is legally entitled to recover as compensatory damages . . . .” In Sprake v. Leche, 188 N.C. App. 322, 658 S.E.2d 490 (2008), this Court held that prejudgment interest is part of ‍‌​​​​​‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‍compensatory damagеs for which an UIM carrier is liable. Id. at 325, 658 S.E.2d at 492 (citing Baxley v. Nationwide Mutual Ins. Co., 334 N.C. 1, 11, 430 S.E.2d 895, 901 (1993) and Austin v. Midgett, 159 N.C. App. 416, 419, 583 S.E.2d 405, 409 (2003)). Since the policy specifically provides for payment of “compensatory damages” these cases control. The arbitration provision provides that if thе parties disagree on the amount of damages, then the matter may be arbitrated. The arbitration provision in no manner limits the scope of “compensatory damages” and the above-referеnced provision of the policy controls.

B. Cases Dealing with Failure of Arbitrator to Award Interest

Our Courts have previously considered cases where the arbitrator does not award interest on a cоmpensatory award. Plaintiff argues that the cases of Sprake v. Leche, supra, and Lovin v. Bird, 178 N.C. App. 381, 631 S.E.2d 58 (2006) control, while UIM carrier contends that the cases of Eisinger v. Robinson, 164 N.C. App. 572, 596 S.E.2d 831 (2004), and Palmer v. Duke Power Co., 129 N.C. App. 488, 499 S.E.2d 801 (1998) control. 1 We hold that this case is con trolled'by the Lovin case, and that the trial court erred in not awarding prejudgment interest to plaintiff.

The issue рresented in these cases is whether a trial court should award prejudgment ‍‌​​​​​‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‍interest where the arbitration award did not include interest. In Palmer, the arbitration award did not provide for prejudgment interest. Plaintiff moved the triаl court for an award of prejudgment interest, which was denied. On appeal, this Court held that since neither the arbitration agreement nor the arbitration award made provision for prejudgment interest, the triаl court properly affirmed the award as written. Palmer, 129 N.C. App. at 498, 499 S.E.2d at 807. In Eisinger, it appears that the arbitration award contained no provision for prejudgment interest, and the trial court confirmed the award, without interest. This Court follоwed the rationale of Palmer, and affirmed the trial court. Eisinger, 164 N.C. App. at 576-77, 596 S.E.2d at 833-34.

In Lovin, the arbitration award specifically stated that it did not include prejudgment interest and left that question for “a Superior Court Judge in Richmond County to decide.” Lovin, 178 N.C. App. at 382, 631 S.E.2d at 59. The trial court entered judgmеnt, which included an award of prejudgment interest. The defendant argued that the trial court improperly modified the arbitration award in violation of N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-569.24. We held that given the language of the arbitration awаrd reserving any computation of prejudgment interest to the trial court, that there was no modification. We further distinguished both Palmer and Eisinger because the arbitration agreement and award in Lovin contemplated an award of prejudgment interest. Id. at 384-85, 631 S.E.2d at 60-61. In Sprake, the arbitration panel awarded prejudgment interest, and the trial court confirmed the award. This Court held that the language of the arbitration agreement giving the panel authority to address “compensatory damages” was ambiguous as to prejudgment interest. We then resolved the ambiguity against the insurance company, citing Register v. White, 358 N.C. 691, 695, 599 S.E.2d 549, 553 (2004), and upheld the award of interest. Sprake, 188 N.C. App. at 326, 658 S.E.2d at 492.

In the instant case, the parties consented to arbitrate plaintiffs UIM claim “in accordance with the terms of the policy of insurance [.]” The parties stipulated that thе issue to be determined was ‍‌​​​​​‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‍the amount of plaintiff’s “damages resulting from the auto accident of May 22, 2003[.]” The terms of the policy provided for “compensatory damages,” which included prejudgment interest. Id. at 325, 658 S.E.2d at 492. Wе thus hold the arbitration agreement did encompass prejudgment interest. Since the arbitration agreement encompassed prejudgment interest, and this issue was deferred to the trial court for resolution, Palmer, Eisinger, and Blanton are not applicable, and an award of prejudgment interest would not constitute a modification of the arbitration award. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 24-5(b) (2007) provides that: “[i]n an action other than contract, any portiоn of a money judgment designated by the factfinder as compensatory damages bears interest from the date the action is commenced until the judgment is satisfied.” We hold this provision to be mandatory and not disсretionary on the part of the trial court, and that the trial court erred in not awarding prejudgment interest to plaintiff. The portion of the trial court’s order denying prejudgment interest to plaintiff is reversed and this mаtter is remanded for entry of judgment awarding plaintiff prejudgment interest.

C. Finding of Compensatory Damages .

Finally, UIM carrier argues that “no factfinder designated the Arbitration Award as ‘compensatory damages’ ” and that any award of prejudgment interest is not authorized under N.C. Gen. Stat. § 24-5(b). We find this argument to be disingenuous. As discussed above, the scope of damages was set forth in the insurance policy as “compensatory damages[.]” The arbitration award clеarly stated that the award was exclusive of interest and costs. This argument is without merit.

D. Computation of Award of Preiudsment Interest

We note that plaintiff did not appeal the portions of the trial court’s order awarding UIM carrier a credit for the $30,000.00 pаid by the tortfeasors’ insurance carrier and the $103,160.68 in workers’ compensation benefits paid to plaintiff. Plaintiff is not to be awarded interest on either of those two credits after the date of payment to plaintiff. Plaintiff is not to be awarded interest on the partial payment of $112,138.26 made by UIM carrier on 21 December 2007, after that date. Plaintiff is to be awarded interest from the date of filing of the complaint, 17 May 2006, until thе dates of payment of the amounts credited and paid, as set forth above. N.C. • Gen. Stat. § 24-5(b). Plaintiff is to be awarded interest on any unpaid balances from the date of filing of the complaint, until paid.

AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED AND REMANDED IN PART.

Judges CALABRIA and STROUD concur.

Notes

1

. On 7 April 2009, this Court decided the case of Blanton v. Isenhower, 196 N.C. App.-,-, S.E.2d-(Aрril 7, 2009) (No. 08-864). This case is not cited ‍‌​​​​​‌‌​​​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‍or argued by the parties, but its holding is consistent with those in Palmer and Eisinger. In Blanton, the arbitrator did not award prejudgment interest, nor was there a reservation of that issue by the arbitrator to the trial court for resolution. Further, the plaintiff con ceded in his appellate brief that the issue of prejudgment interest was never raised before the arbitration panel. Blanton is thus distinguishable from the instant case.