Haines v. Haines

| Miss. | Mar 15, 1907

Wi-iiteield, C. J\,

delivered the opinion of the court.

We find ourselves after most mature consideration of the evidence in this cause, unable to escape the conclusion that the chancellor has manifestly erred in his finding. It is not the ■ number of witnesses which determines the status of the case, but the quality of the testimony; and viewed in this light, with especial reference to the testimony of Col. Russell, we think it is clear that Eliza was the wife and Lucy the mistress of Caleb Haines. The conduct of the parties, Caleb, Eliza, and Lucy, at the period of time from 1865 to 1870, is the determining feature. The act of 1865 and the constitution of 1869 fixed the law governing in that period; and, applying that law to the conduct of Caleb, it is perfectly clear that lie was living with Eliza as his wife at the time the act was passed and at the time the constitutional' ordinance was adopted. Holding her out through all this period as his wife, recognizing her in every way as his wife, her children as his children by her as his wife, and the reputation in the community where the three lived during that period from 1865 to 1870 being that Eliza was the wife and Lucy the mistress, clearly Eliza was the wife. So far as a slave marriage is concerned, it was clearly proven that there was a slave marriage as to each of these women. It is shown that Lucy had a slave marriage with Llarrison in Alabama, by whom she had two or three children; but the crucial test is: Who was living with Caleb as his wife at the time of the passage of the act of 1865 and the adoption of the constitution of 1869? Who, during that period, was held out to the world as his wife, recognized as his wife, cohabited with as his wife? There can be but one satisfactory answer to that question on this testimony, and that answer is that Eliza was his wife. It was not for Caleb, who had taken Eliza “for better or for worse” years and years before the act of 1865 was passed, who had children by her before that time, and some up to about 1870, and who continued to recognize her as his wife until the early ’70’s, or, as George Eagsdale puts it (perhaps the most intelligent negro in the case), late in 1869 or early in 1870, because Lucy was young and Eliza had grown old, to “off with the old love and on with the new” in any such fashion as the complainants would have the court hold. If Eliza had been his wife through all the years up to 1865, and was by him held out as his wife to the world, and the mother of his children in the period between 1865 and 1870, it is utterly immaterial whether thereafter she proved a virtuous or unvirtuous woman. The fact is what the court must find — the fact of whether she-had been legally recognized as Caleb’s wife under the act of 1865 and' the constitution of 1869. That fact once establishéd, Caleb had no power of selecting Lucy as his wife, and turning the woman who had been the mother of his children in all his early struggles adrift. The legal inquiry' is simply whether Caleb was living with Eliza as his wife, held out to. the world as his wife after the passage of the act of 1865 and the constitution of 1869, or not, and we think the evidence answers this question in the affirmative by a clear preponderance of the testimony. The law married them if the facts were so, and no selection Caleb from motives of passion might subsequently have made can alter the fact that Eliza was his wife.

The decree is reversed, and the cause remanded for decree in accordance with this opinion.