92 S.E. 262 | N.C. | 1917
The said motion was denied, the order to that effect being entered in terms as follows:
"This cause, coming on at this term, January, 1917, for a hearing, upon the motion of the defendant Southern Power Company to remove this case into the United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina, upon the complaint and the answer, and especially upon the petition filed by the Southern Power Company, that is to say, upon the whole record in the cause in this court and in the Supreme Court in this cause, it appearing that the bond had been filed by the petitioner; and it appearing to this court that the plaintiff (448) has never submitted to a nonsuit against the resident defendant, but insists upon prosecuting the action agreeably to the averments made in the original complaint, against both defendants, the motion to remove is denied."
To this ruling defendant the Southern Power Company excepted and appealed. The action was originally brought by the plaintiff as administratrix of the estate of Samuel Shropshire, deceased, to recover for the death of her intestate, alleged to have been caused by the joint negligence of the defendant the Southern Power Company and G. C. Howard. The action was first tried at the February Term, 1916, of the Superior Court of Guilford County, and the jury for their verdict found that the death of the plaintiff's intestate was caused by the negligence of both of the defendants, as alleged in the complaint, and assessed the plaintiff's damages at $10,000. From the judgment entered upon this verdict the defendants appealed. The appeal was heard at Fall Term, 1916, and the judgment as to the defendant Howard was affirmed, and a new trial was awarded as to the defendant the Southern Power Company. *498
The mandate of this Court was certified down to the court below on 2 January, 1917. At the first term of said Superior Court to be held subsequent to the coming down of the said mandate, that is to say, at January Term, 1917, the defendant the Southern Power Company, after proper notice to the plaintiff, presented to the court below its petition and bond for the removal of the cause to the United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina, on the ground that the affirmance of the judgment as to Howard (who with the plaintiff is a resident of this State) and the awarding of a new trial as to it (a nonresident of this State) effect a severance of the plaintiff's original action brought upon the alleged joint liability of both defendants as joint tortfeasors, and presents a severable controversy, removable to the Federal court under the statutes controlling the subject.
Under the Federal statutes applicable and authoritative decisions construing the same, on motion to remove a cause to the United States District Court by reason of the presence of a separable controversy (449) between a plaintiff and nonresident defendant, such plaintiff is entitled to have his cause of action considered and dealt with as stated in his complaint, and, ordinarily, as his complaint presents them at or before the time when defendant, the applicant, is required to answer.Southern Ry. v. Miller,
Under the present statute we find no decision which justifies a departure from these requirements by reason of changes subsequently occurring in the record, unless these changes have been brought about by the voluntary action of plaintiff himself, as when he voluntarily discontinues his action against the resident defendant, the case presented in Powers v. R. R.,
In this case plaintiff, by allegation and proof, seeks to recover for a joint wrong. On the facts disclosed and under the principles prevailing in this jurisdiction she had a right, at her election, so to prosecute her suit. Rea v. Mirror Co., supra; Hough v. R. R., supra. She has insisted on that right throughout and has thus far done nothing of her own motion to abandon or waive it. In such case the mere fact that, on appeal from a joint judgment, a new trial has been granted at the instance of appellant does not, in our opinion, work such a severance as to constitute a separable controversy within the meaning of the removal *499
statutes. In Brooks v. Clark,
In a former suit relating to this subject, Putnam v. Ingraham,
These cases seem to be decisive of the question presented on this appeal, and the same principle has been stated with approval in several other decisions of the United States Supreme Court dealing with the subject. American Car, etc. Co. v. Ketteldrake,
(451) In American Car Co. case, supra, Associate Justice Day, after reviewing several of the decisions referred to, said: "Taking these cases together, we think it fairly appears from them that when there is a joint cause of action against defendants, a resident in the same State with plaintiff, it must appear to make the case a removable one as to nonresident defendants because of dismissal as to resident defendants, that the discontinuance as to such defendants was voluntary on the part of plaintiff and that such action has taken the resident defendants out of the case so as to leave a controversy wholly between the plaintiff and the nonresident defendant."
In Lathrop's case, supra, it was held: "Where plaintiff in good faith insists on the joint liability of all the defendants until the close of the trial the dismissal of the complaint on the merits as to defendants who are citizens of plaintiff's State, does not operate to make the cause then removable as to nonresident defendants and to prevent the plaintiff from taking a verdict against the defendants who might have removed the cause had they been sued alone or if there had originally been separable controversy as to them."
In Hax et al v. Caspar, where there had been a disclaimer by the two resident defendants and the cause removed on the application of the nonresident, in granting the plaintiff's motion to remand, it was held: "The removal of the cause from a State to a Federal Court does not depend upon the question of what issue remains to be tried, but must be determined by the nature of the cause of action presented in the complaint. If there be but one involving many defendants, the fact that each makes a separate defense does not make severable controversies, nor does the default of one of them or his disclaimer of title to the land in controversy give a right of removal to the contesting defendant who is a citizen of the State other than that of plaintiffs." *501
We are referred by counsel for appellant to the case of Yulee v. Vose, such a petition to be filed at any time before the trial or final hearing, and provided, further, that when there was a suit between resident and nonresident defendants, and there could be a final determination of the controversy as to the nonresident without the presence of the others, the suit could be removed as to the nonresident, leaving the cause to be proceeded with in the State courts as to the resident defendants. Both on the facts and the statute applicable there is such a marked difference between the two cases that the decision (452) can in no sense be considered an authority for defendant's position on the present record.
The same case was very much relied on by plaintiff in error in the subsequent decision of Brooks v. Clark, heretofore cited, and in the latter case Chief Justice Waite, who delivered both opinions, refers very fully to the difference in the two statutes and gives decided intimation, if he does not fully decide, that Yulee v. Vose is not an authority as to proceedings under the present law.
On careful consideration of the record, we concur in his Honor's view, that no removable case has been presented, and his order denying appellant's petition to that effect is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
Cited: Patterson v. Lumber Co.,