Appellee, Bob Alexander, owns a 372 acre farm adjoining the leasehold of appellant, Gulf Oil Corporation. The freshwater strata underlying appellee’s farm and supplying his irrigation well was polluted by the seepage of salt water from a salt water disposal pit constructed and used by apрellant in oil and gas operations on its leasehold adjoining appellee’s farm land. Appellee sued for damages accruing to him by reasоn of the pollution of the freshwater strata as used by him in irrigating his farm lands and recovered judgment in the sum of $22,320. Appellant perfected its appeal basеd on three points of error.
The undisputed evidence reveals that appellant’s disposal of its salt water polluted appellee’s supply of irrigation water. But, appellant by its three points of error asserts that it is not liable for appellee’s damages by reason of the fact that thеre is no evidence of any negligence in its disposal of the salt water and that appellee’s cause of action is barred by the two year stаtute of limitations, Vernon’s Ann.Civ.St. art. 5526. As to the issue of negligence, appellee asserts that the evidence sustains the jury findings on such issue and, further, that its pleading and proof that appellant violated Rule 20 as promulgated by the Railroad Commission renders appellant liable for the damage accruing to appellee.
Appellant’s first point of error alleging there is no evidence to sustain the jury finding that appellants were negligent in disposing of the salt wаter requires an examination of the record in the light of the applicable rules. The record reveals that a large quantity of salt was depositеd in the disposal pit on appellant’s leasehold. Appellee relies on this fact a-s supporting the jury finding of negligence. The evidence alsо reveals that the top layer of soil in the disposal pit was of a porous nature. On the issue of whether there is any evidence of negligence, the fact that a large quantity of salt was deposited in the disposal pit is not evidence of negligence in itself. The record is wholly silent as to whether this amоunt of salt was so excessive as compared to the amount of salt deposited in other disposal pits in the oil field as to require appellant to take additional measures to contain the same. There is also no evidence that the soil where the pit was constructed was more porous than the soil in other disposal pits in the oil field and required additional care as to construction of the pit. The undisputed evidence reveals thаt appellant’s method of disposal of the salt water was the universal method of disposal in the oil field in that territory. In fact, like disposal pits were located on appellee’s tract of land. Since the uncon-troverted evidence establishes that appellant’s disposal of the salt wаter was wholly in conformity with the conduct of such business in that oil field there is no evidence in the cause establishing negligence in its usual sense. Houston & T. C. R. Co. v. Alexander,
The abovе ruling requires the examination of another principle of law as to liability or non-liability under the facts in the cause. Appellee pleaded and proved that Rule 20 as promulgated by the Railroad Commission of Texas makes the following requirement with reference to the disposal of salt water:
“Fresh water, whether above or below the surface shall be protected from pollution, whether in drilling, plugging or disposing of salt water already produced.”
It is аpparent this rule specifically prohibits the pollution of fresh water by the disposal of salt water without any reference to negligence. Since appellant admits, as established by the undisputed record, that it polluted appellee’s fresh water strata with salt water, appellant is liable fоr such pollution by reason of its violation of Rule 20 above set forth. This principle is recognized in Peterson v. Grayce Oil Company, Tex.Civ.App.,
In the light of the above authorities, it must be observed that the rule at issue in the cause here on appeal is not a legislative enactment but it is a rule duly promulgated by the Railroad Commission of Texas under express authority from the legislature. There is no proof of negligence in the cause other than might arise from the undisputed proof that appellant in polluting appellee’s fresh-water strata violated a duty рlaced on it by Rule 20. Irrespective of any technical discussion of the principles of negligence, it is ruled that the violation' of Rule 20 by appellant in polluting the fresh water supply of appellee’s irrigation well gave right to the cause of action on the part of appellee for his damage suffered by reason of such violation.
On the issue of limitation, the jury found that salt water from appellant’s salt water disposal pit invaded water bearing formations underlying
a part
of plaintiff’s land more than two years prior to August 1954. (Italics added.) But, the jury further found that the appellee first discovered the invasion of the subsurfаce fresh-water strata by salt water on March 1, 1953. Plaintiff’s original petition was filed on August 1, 1954. In support of the last finding by the jury the evidence reveals, without dispute, that appellee drilled his irrigation well and used the same for. irrigation purposes without the same being polluted in any way by salt water until he discovered the same was first polluted on or about March 1, 1953. It is apparent that had the appellee continued the use of his irrigation well without any salt water ever having intrudеd the area of strata from which appellee was pumping irrigation water, he would have had no cause for complaint as to any damagе to his irrigation water. The two year statute of limitation is applicable to appellee’s cause of action for pollution o>f the subsurface strata of water furnishing his irrigation well. Such statute of limitation began to run on March 1, 1953, the date on which the uncontroverted evidence reveals that aрpellee discovered that the water as pumped for irrigation was polluted by salt water. The rule as applied here as to pollu-1 tion of appellee’s subsurface strata of water is that limitation ran from the time the in- ; jury complained of became apparent or j should have been discovered by due dili- ( gence on the part of the appellee. Beck v. American Rio Grande Land & Irrigation Co., Tex.Civ.App.,
In the light of the court’s application of Rule 20, appellant’s first point is held to be without merit and overruled. Appellant’s second and third points as to limitation are likewise overruled. The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.