16 N.J. Misc. 340 | Atlantic Cty. Cir. Ct., N.J. | 1938
This action was instituted to recover the deficiency alleged to be owing to the plaintiff on the bond of the defendant. The concomitant mortgage was previously foreclosed. The answer of the defendant avers that in the prosecution of the suit to foreclose the mortgage, this plaintiff, as mortgagee, failed to make certain tenants of the mortgaged premises parties. Guardian Life Insurance Co. v. Lowenthad, 13 N. J. Mis. R. 849; 181 Atl. Rep. 897; American-Italian Building and Loan Association v. Liotta, 117 N. J. L. 467; 189 Atl. Rep. 118; Polish Home Building and Loan Association v. Burinefsky, 119 N. J. L. 1; 194 Atl. Rep. 140.
2. A few days before the time for filing of answer to the bill to foreclose expired, the plaintiff through its representative visited the mortgaged premises and found only Bose Hoffman in possession and inquired of her who if anyone else was in possession or occupancy, and he was told that she alone was occupying the premises, and the plaintiff relied upon this as being true, and alleges that it was true.”
The present motion draws in question the legal substantiality of these paragraphs of the reply. The reason assigned in support of the motion to strike them is that they are frivolous. An affidavit has been submitted tending to prove that the factual matters alleged are false and untrue. However, these allegations of the reply are not challenged as sham. Every notice of any motion addressed to a pleading shall specify the grounds thereof. Supreme Court rule 43.
At the common law frivolous pleadings were those which were obviously and grossly insufficient, idle and frivolous. Hogencamp v. Ackerman and Brown, 24 N. J. L. 133, 137. There is, of course, a clear distinction between a sham and a frivolous pleading. A frivolous pleading is always assumed to be true, while a sham pleading must be admitted or conclusively proved to be false. Sculthorpe v. Commonwealth Cas. Co., 98 Id. 845, 847; 121 Atl. Rep. 751. A frivolous pleading is one which on its face is legally unsubstantial, assuming its averments of fact to be true. Milberg v. Keulhe, 98 N. J. L. 779; 121 Atl. Rep. 713; National Surety Co. v. Mulligan, 105 N. J. L. 336; 146 Atl. Rep. 372. In modern practice a pleading is occasionally attacked by the contention that its allegations of fact are false and, even if assumed to be true, the pleading is legally insufficient. The
In actions to recover an alleged deficiency on a bond and mortgage, the mere circumstance that the plaintiff in the foreclosure of the mortgage failed to make tenants of the mortgaged premises parties to the foreclosure suit, does not necessarily preclude the plaintiff in all circumstances from recovering the deficiency. See Harvester Building and Loan Association v. Elbaum, 119 N. J. L. 437; 196 Atl. Rep. 709; Stratford Building and Loan Association v. Wagner, 122 N. J. Eq. 452; 194 Atl. Rep. 440; Franklin Loan and Building Association v. Richman, 65 N. J. L. 526; 47 Atl. Rep. 426.
Moreover, the statutory provision requiring the foreclosure of the mortgage as the initial step in the proceeding for the collection of the debt has been regarded as a personal privilege and it has been held that the statutory requirement is not designed to secure any object of public policy. Thus a party may waive his privilege under the statute. Quick v. Corlies, 39 N. J. L. 11; Hellyer v. Baldwin, 53 Id. 141; 20 Atl. Rep. 1080; Van Aken v. Tice, 60 N. J. L. 377; 38 Atl. Rep. 20; Crosby v. Washburn, 66 N. J. L. 494; 49 Atl. Rep. 455; Andrus v. Burke, 61 N. J. Eq. 297; 48 Atl. Rep. 228; Callan v. Bodine, 81 N. J. L. 240, 243; 79 Atl. Rep. 1057.
Then, moreover, it would seem that a mortgagor and obligor on the bond might make such misrepresentations concerning those having leasehold interests in the mortgaged premises under him and pursue such a course of conduct in this regard as to be estopped from subsequently asserting in an action on the bond that leasehold estates which he presented did not exist, were not extinguished by the foreclosure of the mortgage. To create such an estoppel, however, it should be made to appear that the defendant obligor made a representation or concealment of the material facts inconsistent with the facts now asserted in his defense, knowing such facts to be otherwise than as represented. The representation must have been made with an intent to influence the conduct of the
Estoppel is cognizable at common law either as a defense to a cause of action or to avoid a defense. At the common law an estoppel in pais need not be pleaded but is available under the general issue. 21 C. J. 1241. Where, however, estoppel in pais was relied upon to avoid a defense averred in a special plea, the better practice required that the estoppel be likewise specially pleaded. 21 C. J. 1244. Our own rules of pleading direct that an answer shall specially state any defense which is consistent with the truth of the material allegations of the complaint and any defense which, if not stated, would be likely to cause surprise, or would raise issues not arising out of the complaint. Supreme Court rule 58. The rules respecting the form and manner of pleading in the answer apply to a replication or reply. Supreme Court rule 70. See, also, Muhlenbeck v. West Hoboken, 99 N. J. L. 198; 122 Atl. Rep. 804; Scrymser v. Seabright Electric Co., 74 N. J. Eq. 587, 589; 70 Atl. Rep. 977.
The facts stated in the one or the other or both of these paragraphs of the reply are not sufficient to estop the defendant from asserting the defense averred in his special plea. The averments of the reply here under consideration fall short of alleging actual fraud or a definite understanding between the parties that the representations so made should be
A rule may be presented striking out these allegations of the reply as frivolous with leave granted the plaintiff to amend the reply if desired.