153 Ind. 348 | Ind. | 1899
Appellant as plaintiff below brought this action for the partition of 160 acres of land in Wayne county. No question is made upon the complaint. The answers of appellees, Stanley and Rife, and cross-complaint
Under the law in force in 1849, when Phineas Allen died, his widow, Eranciena, was entitled to dower in one-third part of all the real estate of which her husband died seized. Relating to the subject of dower, §107, p. 810 R. S. 1843, reads as follows: “But the widow may continue to occupy any lands in which she is entitled to dower with the children, or other heirs of the deceased, or receive one-third part of the rents, issues or profits thereof, so long as the children or heirs do not object thereto, without having her dower assigned; and whenever any heir or heirs shall think proper to hold or occupy their share or shares in severalty, the widow may claim her dower, and shall have the same assigned to her according to law.”
The contention of appellant is that she is the owner of an undivided one-third part of the lands in controversy, and that there has been no adverse possession against her, upon the theory that the right to dower in her mother, Franciena, was “a kind of life estate, continuing with the assent of the heirs under the above statute, and that during the existence of this life estate, without assignment, Eranciena and her grantee^ had a right of possession in common with the heirs, and that her possession or the possession of her grantees was not, and could not, be adverse to the heirs, and hence there could be
In the first place appellant is in error in her assertion that one tenant may not oust his cotenant by setting in motion the principle of adverse possession. It is a well established rule in this State that where one tenant in possession executes a conveyance, purporting to convey the entire estate, such conveyance gives color of title, and if possession is taken thereunder by the grantee, claiming title to the entire estate, and continued for the period of limitation, it will constitute a bar to the recovery of the premises by the other tenants. Price v. Hall, 140 Ind. 314; King v. Carmichael, 136 Ind. 20; Barnes v. Born, 133 Ind. 169; English v. Powell, 119 Ind. 93; Roots v. Beck, 109 Ind. 472. See, also, Campau v. Dubois, 39 Mich. 274; Fuller v. Swensberg, 106 Mich. 305, 64 N. W. 463, 58 Am. St. 481; Foulke v. Bond, 41 N. J. L. 527; Parker v. Proprietors, etc., 44 Mass. 91, 37 Am. Dec. 121; Unger v. Mooney, 63 Cal. 586, 49 Am. Rep. 100; Newell’s Ejectment, p. 764; Freeman’s Coten. & Par. §224.
In the second place, appellant is in error in her contention that the right of Franciena Allen to dower, without assignment, constituted a life estate in the lands in controversy. The right to have dower assigned, and dower assigned and set apart, are very different matters. The latter does constitute an estate for the life of- the dowress. But the right to dower, while it remains unassigned, is not an estate, but a chose in action, a consummate right, merely, not subject to execution nor to the payment of taxes nor to lease. “By the common law, 'the widow can not enter for her dower until it be assigned her, nor can she alien it so as to enable the grantee to sue for it in his own name. She has no estate in the lands until assignment; and after the expiration of her quarantine, the heir may put her out of possession, and drive, her to her suit for "her dower. * * * It is not until her dower has been duly assigned, that the widow acquires a
It is not averred in the complaint that the widow occupied the premises with the assent of the heirs, or that she received one-third, or any other part of the rents, yet, assuming that she did either occupy or receive her part of the rents, under the provisions of §107, supra, it does not follow that she could assign or convey that right to others. The right of the widow to continue with her children in the enjoyment of the .estate without parting it, was a personal right that she could not convey to others. When once she surrendered her right to joint occupancy with her children, neither she nor her grantee could thereafter enter for such occupancy. The only right that remained was to bring an action for the assignment of dower. Smallwood v. Bilderback, 16 N. J. L. 497; Carnall v. Wilson, supra; Norton v. Norton, 94 Ala. 481, 10 South. 436; Barnett v. Meacham, 62 Ark. 313, 35 S. W. 533; Kerr R. P. §916.
We have now come to this: Charles and Richard Allen, having since 1856 asserted and sustained open, notorious, exclusive and uninterrupted possession of all the 160 acres of land under claim of ownership, in 1872 executed to Stanley their warranty deed, purporting to convey to him all the estate in said lands. Stanley took possession of the whole under said deed, and he and his grantees, for twenty-five years, held the open, exclusive and uninterrupted possession
Another view with respect to the widow’s right of dower-leads us to the same conclusion. When the widow conveyed her right of dower to her sons in 1856, her grantees took only the right to have dower assigned, not the right to leave the dower in abeyance with the estate, and the right to have it assigned not having been exercised by the sons or their grantee within twenty years after the right accrued, it was barred under §112 R. S. 1843, p. 811.
The court committed no error in overruling each of said demurrers.
Judgment affirmed.