Grubbs v. Collins

54 Miss. 485 | Miss. | 1877

Simball, C. J.,

delivered the opinion of the court.

Snsan Collins pleaded coverture in bar of the plaintiffs’ cause of action. To that plea the plaintiffs replied that the note sued on was for supplies advanced and furnished by G. C. Edwards to Susan Collins and her husband at their request, for the plantation of the said Susan, and family supplies purchased by her, and by her husband with her consent. The defendants did not take issue on the replication formally, nor otherwise answer or obviate it. The effect at common law would have been an admission of the truth of the replication; and the plaintiffs would be entitled to a judgment.

It is claimed in this court, notwithstanding the verdict and judgment for Mrs. Collins, that the judgment ought not to have been for her, because of her failure to traverse the matter of the replication, or to rejoin in avoidance of it. But precisely that condition of pleading is regulated by § 622 of the Code, which provides that “ no judgment shall be stayed or reversed, after verdict, for any defect . . . from any misjoining of issue or failure to join issue.” The statute intends that the parties shall settle the pleadings before trial; and if the objections to their completeness and formality are not made in proper time, neither party will be permitted after trial ending in verdict and judgment to complain of it. A most stringent application of that interpretation was made in Phillips v. Cooper, 50 Miss. 722. If the party omits to take advantage of a failure to traverse or avoid the plea or replication of his adversary, and in no wise calls the attention of the court to the matter, he cannot lie by until after verdict and judgment, and for the first time complain in the Appellate Court.

In this case, the plaintiffs put the case to the jury without the defendants’ traverse or rejoinder to the replication. The contestation in evidence on the trial was as to the truth of the matter of the replication. Plainly the statute meant to estop the plaintiff, if the verdict was adverse to him, from averring that the testimony was irrelevant, because there was no issue. By going to the jury in that condition of the pleadings, he cannot find fault with the verdict and judgment for a mere failure to join issue. The bill of exceptions shows that the subjects controverted were whether the matter of the replication was true; that is, whether Mrs. Collins had a separate estate, and whether the merchandise for which the debt was contracted was family necessaries, bought with her consent and on her predit, or plantation supplies for the wife, got by the husband or herself for that use. The evidence was address.ed exclusively to the question as to the liability of the married woman, Mrs. Collins. It was conceded that she owned a separate estate, consisting of a plantation. Edwards, the payee of the note, gave this account of its origin and consideration: During the year he sold to J. A. Collins, the husband, plantation supplies and merchandise, such as were usually consumed by families, in payment for which the note, in the winter of 1875, after some consultation, was made and signed by J. A. Collins and Susan Collins. Mrs. Collins testified, that, in 1875, her husband, J. A. Collins, rented her plantation; that he furnished supplies to his tenants on the plantation and to others ; that she let her husband have $81; that neither she nor her family consumed, except to a very trifling amount, any of the dry-goods ; that she bought enough supplies for her family for cash. A son of Mrs. Collins supported the statement of his mother as to leasing the plantation to J. A. Collins, and said that his mother had nothing to do with' the farm that year.-

The court instructed the jury, that if they believed that Mrs. Collins was a married woman and owned a separate estate, and that the consideration of the note was goods and supplies furnished her, or for the benefit of her estate, they should find against Mrs. Collins and her husband; but that, if they did not so believe, they should find for her, and against J. A. Collins.

The point on which the case of Guion v. Doherty, 43 Miss. 538, 551, turned was, whether the goods were bought on the credit of the husband or wife. The point ruled was, that, although Mrs. Guión owned separate property, she would not be liable unless the goods were bought with her consent, and on her credit. It is not pretended that Mrs. Collins consented expressly or by implication that the family supplies and necessaries should be bought on her credit; under the statute her consent must be shown. Code, § 1780. That section makes the husband agent to purchase, plantation supplies for the wife’s farm, but plainly applies only to those plantations which are cultivated for the wife’s account and benefit, and not to those which she has leased, and which are in the possession and under the control of the tenant.

The husband had exclusive control of the plantation for the year 1875; the supplies taken up were for the use of his tenants on the farm and others to whom he made advances, and were not “ plantation supplies ” for account or benefit of the wife. The family necessaries and the supplies for the farm constituted the indebtedness to Edwards. The goods for family use were obtained on the credit of the husband. The Avife had no interest in the farm during 1875 ; and the supplies consumed on it were not for “ her plantation ” in the sense of the statute, but for the benefit of the lessee. We think that the court charged the law correctly, and that the verdict was in accordance with the testimony. Cook v. Ligon, ante, 368.

The affidavit in support of the ground of the motion for new trial of newly discovered evidence does not meet the requirements of the law, and was insufficient.

Counsel for the plaintiffs in error insists that the declaration contains no cause of action against Mrs. Collins, because it does not show that the promissory note was founded on such consideration as would make her liable. We are asked to say that the ruling in Hardin v. Pelan, 41 Miss. 112, is incorrect. In that case, the replication to the plea of coverture brought the contract within the class of those that a wife having separate estate may make. In that case, as in this, the declaration did not disclose the coverture. It was put for the first time on the record by the plea. It was held to be no departure from the declaration to avoid the plea by alleging the consideration. That case has been subsequently recognized as law. If the declaration avers that the defendant is a married woman, and does not allege a legal liability, it would be bad on demurrer; but if silent on that subject, the defendant may plead coverture, which would defeat' the action, unless obviated by the replication.

We think the verdict right, and Affirm the judgment.