368 Mich. 578 | Mich. | 1962
On February 17, 1958, plaintiff sued for slander in separate counts defendants White, Schwenn, Juday, and McGoff. A fifth count alleged that these defendants and The Upjohn Company con
' Defendant Upjohn mpved to dismiss because there was no allegation in the declaration that the alleged ■slanderous statements, had been authorized or ratified by ife The court granted the motion.
Plaintiff filed a “motion for rehearing” and an alternative motion for “leave to amend as to defendant The Upjohn Company.” On January 6, 1960, the court ruled that the proposed amendment, offered after the statute of limitations had run,
The motion to dismiss was correctly granted as the law stood at that time. However, after plaintiff’s appendix and both briefs on appeal were filed with this Court, the rule of Robertson v. New York Life Ins. Co., 312 Mich 92, 97, 98 — on which the trial judge properly relied — was overruled by Poledna v. Bendix Aviation Corp., 360 Mich 129, 139, 140. The case was remanded so that the trial judge might reconsider defendant Upjohn’s motion in Poledna’s light. Grist v. The Upjohn Company, 362 Mich 470.
On May 2, 1961, plaintiff gave notice to defendant Upjohn that it would bring on defendant’s motion to dismiss for "a rehearing before the trial judge on May 23, 1961.. On May 19, 1961, plaintiff filed a motion “to file an amended declaration” and noticed it also for hearing on May 23, 1961.
Plaintiff then filed an amended 2-count declaration against defendant Upjohn alone. Count 1 charged
On May 23,1961, the action against the individual defendants was dismissed by stipulation. The trial court postponed the hearing on plaintiff’s motion “to amend” until after the court’s decision on the defendant’s “motion to dismiss.” The court then took defendant’s original motion to dismiss under advisement. On August 4, 1961, opinion granting defendant’s original motion was filed. The Court held that even “in the light of Poledna,” the plaintiff failed to state a cause of action because she “failed to allege that the slanderous statements uttered by the agents were in the discharge of their duty as agents and in relation to matters about which their duties as agents permitted them or required them to act.’*
Order granting the motion to dismiss was filed August 14, 1961. Hearing on plaintiff’s motion for leave to amend was held on August 31, 1961. On the same day, plaintiff took an appeal from the trial judge’s order granting the defendant’s motion to dismiss. On November 29, 1961, the trial judge ruled that because the plaintiff had appealed, the circuit court lacked jurisdiction to consider the motion to amend.
The first question to be considered is whether or not the plaintiff’s original declaration'states a cause of action against Upjohn. Count 5 of plaintiff’s original declaration alleges:
“Defendant Margery White was employed in the personnel department of defendant Upjohn Com
“Defendant Duane Schwenn was employed as supervisor of the Kalamazoo branch office of defendant Upjohn Company and it was a part of his duty as such employee to inform the personnel department and other members of defendant Upjohn Company regarding the work and conduct of plaintiff and other employees in his department.
“Defendant Richard Juday was employed as assistant supervisor of the Kalamazoo branch office of defendant Upjohn Company and it was a part of his duties as such employee to inform his superiors as to the work and conduct of plaintiff and other employees.
“Defendant Margaret McG-off was employed in the Kalamazoo branch of defendant Upjohn Company and it was a part of her duties as such employee to inform her superiors as to the work and conduct of plaintiff and other employees, or, in the alternative, she did so inform her superiors for a long period of time and such activity was well known and was accepted freely by her superiors and acted upon in relation to other employees.”
Count 1 alleges that defendant White falsely stated to various persons that the plaintiff was a poor worker, was guilty of a great deal of absenteeism and that she sold or delivered eggs on company time. It is alleged that when plaintiff applied for work with other companies an inquiry was made about plaintiff to defendant White, defendant White falsely stated that plaintiff was discharged because she had an unsatisfactory attendance record and poor performance record. Counts 2, 3, and 4 allege that the other individual defendants made the same
Are these allegations sufficient to come under the rule of Poledna? It is as follows (pp 139, 140):
“A corporation may be held liable for slander uttered by an agent while in the discharge of his duty as agent and in relation to the matter about which his duty as agent permits or requires him to act in the same way and to the same extent as an individual could be held liable for the same slander.”
The allegations of count 5 of plaintiff’s declaration in effect allege that each of the individual defendants was an employee of Upjohn, was in some sort of supervisory capacity over plaintiff and was responsible for assessing the work and performance of plaintiff. It is then alleged that for the purpose of destroying plaintiff’s good name and reputation, and preventing her from obtaining employment or damaging her in her attempts to obtain employment, they made false assessments of her work performances, causing her discharge, and that defendant White directly and in her capacity as an employee of Upjohn made representations to other possible employers that prevented plaintiff from securing employment. There has been alleged a direct causal connection by the agents of Upjohn acting in discharge of their duties as such agents or employees with the damage to plaintiff. It was therefore erroneous of the trial court to grant the defendant’s motion to dismiss.
As to the 2 attempts which were made by plaintiff to amend, it will be recalled that the first of these was made prior to the first appeal to 'this Court. The decision of this Court in Grist v. The Upjohn Company, 362 Mich 470, dealt only with 2 questions —the rule of corporate liability in slander cases and
Plaintiff alleges therein that the slanderous statements of Upjohn’s employees were expressly authorized or ratified by Upjohn. Express authorization or ratification was not alleged in the original declaration. The evidence necessary to support the ■original declaration and that to support the amended declaration would not be the same. “The amendment represented a change in plaintiff’s theory and 'amounted to introducing a new cause of action.” Cook v. Wolverine Stockyards Co., 344 Mich 207, 210. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying plaintiff’s motion to amend.
Finally, what is the present status of the second attempt to amend the declaration which was noticed' for hearing on August 31, 1961, the same day the court heard the defendant’s motion to dismiss? It is contended the court should have heard the motion to amend first. From the colloquy of counsel at the time both motidns were before the court, it is clear that it was agreed that the motion to dismiss would' be heard first and that if that motion was granted plaintiff would be allowed to argue the right to file' an amended declaration, but that if the motion to dismiss was denied, an amended declaration could' be filed as a matter of right. The trial court lost jurisdiction to rule on the motion to amend when the second appeal was taken .to this Court. However, in view of the ruling of this Court at this time, plaintiff may now, if she chooses, amend as a matter
Remanded. Costs to plaintiff.
See CLS 1956, § 609.13 (Stat Ann 1959 Cum Supp §27.605).— Reporter. ...
