Following his convictions for malice murder, felony murder, armed robbery, aggravated assault, possession of a firearm during the commission of a crime, and possession of a firearm by a convicted felon, Dennis Jackson Grimes appeals, contending, among other things, that the evidence was insufficient to support the verdict for murder and armed robbery. 1 We affirm.
The record supports a finding that Grimes phoned his co-defendant, Adrian Tennison, and asked him to meet him at a certain Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant on December 30, 2002. Around the time that Tennison and Grimes were scheduled to meet, Catherine Gambill attempted to make a daily deposit of her employer’s proceeds at a bank nearby the Kentucky Fried Chicken. In the bank’s parking lot, Grimes walked up to Gambill’s van, mumbled something, and tried to open the van door, but moved away when Gambill said “no.” When Gambill stepped out of the van, Grimes rushed at her with a handgun and demanded the money. Gambill threw the money on the ground. Grimes then retrieved it and ran through a wooded area to the adjacent parking lot where Tennison was waiting in his cream-colored Honda Civic. There, Grimes was witnessed hopping into the trunk of Tennison’s car, and one bank patron followed Tennison’s car and wrote down the tag number.
After the robbery, Tennison asked Grimes to get out of his car, and Tennison then went to the home of his cousin, Jason Stevens. While there, he called Ronnie Davis to take him to his home in Roberta, Georgia. Davis did so, and Tennison left his car at Stevens’ home. Davis later told his sister that he knew that Tennison and Grimes had committed an armed robbery and he was fearful of imprisonment for his involvement. He further informed his sister that he intended to turn Grimes and Tennison in to the police for the armed robbery.
*364 On May 25, 2003, police were called twice regarding altercations between Grimes and Davis at the latter’s home. Later that evening, while sitting on his front porch with his neighbor, Davis was approached by a man in a black ski mask who shot him three times in the chest with a sawed-off shotgun. Davis died from the resulting wounds. The neighbor who was present during the murder testified that he believed that Grimes was the shooter because, even though he was wearing a mask, the shooter was the same size and had the same mannerisms as Grimes. Grimes later told his friend, Jane Duncan, that he murdered Davis, explaining that he had shot Davis in the chest to prevent him from telling the police that Grimes had murdered an antique store owner during a prior crime committed on January 20, 2003. Grimes also called Tennison to tell him that he killed Davis who would no longer be a problem, thereby implying that Grimes and Tennison need not worry that Davis would turn them in for robbing Gambill.
1. This evidence was sufficient to enable a rational trier of fact to find Grimes guilty beyond a reasonable doubt for all of the charged crimes, including armed robbery and murder.
Jackson v. Virginia,
2. Grimes contends that the trial court erred by admitting evidence of certain similar transactions. In its notice regarding similar transactions, the State listed three prior occurrences: (1) Grimes’ 1985 guilty plea conviction for the armed robbery of a convenience store; (2) a 2002 incident in which Grimes and Tennison were stopped after following an armored car for some period of time; and (3) the unsolved murder of an antique store owner committed on January 20, 2003. The record shows that neither the armored car incident nor the antique store murder was ultimately offered and admitted as similar transactions. The armored car incident was never brought up during the trial, and the antique store murder was mentioned only by Duncan, who testified in part that Grimes told her that he murdered Davis because he was going to tell the police that Grimes committed the murder. Therefore, the shooting death of the antique store owner was properly admitted as proof of Grimes’ motive for killing Davis, not as a similar transaction, and this relevant evidence was admissible despite the fact that it may have incidentally placed Grimes’ character in evidence.
Davis v. State,
With regard to the armed robbery, it was properly offered to show Grimes’ course of conduct and bent of mind.
Williams v. State,
3. Grimes argues that the trial court erred by denying his motion to sever all counts involving the armed robbery of Gambill from all counts involving the homicide of Davis. A defendant has a right to severance of charges that are joined solely because they are of the same or similar character.
Stewart v. State,
appropriate to promote a fair determination of the defendant’s guilt or innocence of each offense . . . considering] whether in view of the number of offenses charged and the complexity of the evidence to be offered, the trier of fact will be able to distinguish the evidence and apply the law intelligently as to each offense.
Id. at 139.
In this case, the evidence supported a finding that Grimes murdered Davis, at least in part, because Davis was going to turn him in for the prior robbery of Gambill. The murder of Davis, therefore, may have been directly precipitated by the prior armed robbery. This supports the trial court’s determination that severance was not required, as evidence of one offense could be admitted upon the trial of another offense to show a common motive, plan, scheme, or bent of mind. Furthermore, Grimes has failed to show either that severance was absolutely necessary to promote a just determination of guilt or innocence as to each offense or that the jury was unable to intelligently judge each offense due to the failure to sever. Therefore, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in this matter.
4. Grimes argues that the trial court erred by failing to bifurcate the charges of armed robbery, aggravated assault of Gambill, and possession of a firearm during the commission of the armed robbery from the charge of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. In general, if the charge of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon is unrelated to any other count for which the defendant is to be tried, the
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correct remedy is for the trial court to bifurcate the proceedings on a proper motion.
Head v. State,
5. Grimes contends that the trial court erred by allowing Davis’ sister to testify pursuant to the necessity exception to the hearsay rule regarding statements her brother made to her prior to his murder which implicate Grimes. Hearsay may be admitted under the necessity exception only if it meets two requirements: necessity and particularized guarantees of trustworthiness.
Ward v. State,
6. Finally, Grimes maintains that the trial court erred by admitting certain items found during the search of his home because they were irrelevant. “The admission or exclusion of evidence which is ob j ected to on the ground of relevancy lies within the sound discretion of the trial court whose decision will not be disturbed on appeal absent a clear abuse of discretion.” (Citation and punctuation omitted.)
Joyner v. State,
Judgment affirmed.
Notes
On December 16, 2003, Grimes was indicted in Bibb County for armed robbery, aggravated assault, and possession of a firearm during the commission of the armed robbery of Catherine Gambill; as well as the malice murder and felony murder of Ronnie Davis, the aggravated assault of Wilbur Jackson, the possession of a firearm during the commission of the murder of Davis, and two counts of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. On July 23,2004, a jury found Grimes guilty of all charges except the aggravated assault of Jackson. On the same date, the trial court sentenced Grimes to life imprisonment for armed robbery, five consecutive years for each count of possession of a firearm during the commission of a crime, five concurrent years on each count of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon, and consecutive life imprisonment without possibility of parole for murder. Grimes filed a motion for new trial which was denied on April 20, 2005. His timely appeal was docketed on October 13, 2005, and submitted for decision on the briefs.