GRIFFIN v. THE STATE
53224
Court of Appeals of Georgia
April 7, 1977
Rehearing Denied May 23, 1977
142 Ga. App. 362
SMITH, Judge.
William H. Ison, District Attorney, Clarence L. Leathers, Jr., Assistant District Attorney, for appellee.
GRIFFIN v. THE STATE.
SMITH, Judge.
Alvin Griffin, the appellаnt, was convicted of burglary in the Muscogee County Superior Court. The appeal to this court charges there was insufficient circumstantial evidence to support the conviction, there were certain prejudicial comments from the court, the assistant district attorney and a state witness during the trial and improper considerations entered into the sentence. We reverse.
1. The record is replete with direct evidence linking the defendant to the crime, including eyewitness
2. The appellant wаs referred to by the assistant district attorney as “Alvin the thief” and “Honest Alvin” during cross examination of Charles Lewis, аppellant‘s co-indictee. Without deciding whether the appellations were improper or prejudicial, we note that no objections were raised at trial, and, for the issue to be preserved for appeal, there must be timely objection to afford the court an opportunity to rеmedy the error and prevent recurrence. Joyner v. State, 208 Ga. 435 (2) (67 SE2d 221).
3. ”
“Q. Let‘s see if he understands the question Mr. Pullen. Mr. Pullen is asking you if at the Hearing in Reсorder‘s Court when the Police testified to what they say, if you spoke up and told the Judge up there that this man didn‘t have anything to do with it, that you did it all yourself. Did you do that at that time? A. I‘m trying to think. Q. Now you know whether you did or didn‘t. A. I told them that he didn‘t have nothing to do with it. Q. You told the Recorder that he didn‘t have anything to do with it — in open court? A. I think that‘s what I said. Q. Well, we don‘t want what you think you said. Did you do that or didn‘t you? Now, we don‘t want any perjury, you‘re already charged with Thеft by Taking and perjury carries
more than that now. I want to know whether you did or didn‘t. A. I got bad nerves, you know, and between that time — I‘m trying to think — I think I told them that — I‘m not sure.”
The judge then ceased questioning the witness, but he later allowed the аssistant district attorney, over objection, to warn the same witness, before he answered a question, that perjury carries a penalty of one to ten years in the penitentiary. Still later, during cross examination of a witness called for rebuttal, there was some discussion of what Mr. Lewis had said in his testimony and the judge intеrjected, “Yes, I believe Lewis eventually said that he did not make any statement in Recorder‘s Court.”
From thеse statements, all in the presence of the jury, the judge appeared to be expressing his oрinion as to the witness’ credibility, and also as to what had been proved. A trial judge‘s warnings, in open court, that a witness is flirting with perjury could mean but one thing to a reasonable juror: the judge thinks the witness is lying.
4. At the pre-sentence hearing, prior convictions аgainst the appellant were introduced for the trial judge‘s consideration. Since there was no affirmative showing by the state that the appellant was represented by counsel at the prior prоceedings and that his rights were protected, it was error to consider the prior convictions. Harrison v. State, 138 Ga. App. 419 (4) (226 SE2d 480).
Judgment rеversed. Bell, C. J., Quillian, P. J., Webb and Shulman, JJ., concur. Deen, P. J., Marshall, McMurray and Banke, JJ., dissent.
SUBMITTED JANUARY 18, 1977 — DECIDED APRIL 7, 1977 — REHEARING DENIED MAY 23, 1977 —
Grogan, Jones, Layfield & Swearingen, Ben B. Philips, John C. Sweаringen, Jr., for appellant.
McMURRAY, Judge, concurring in part and dissenting in part.
I concur fully with Divisions 1, 2 and 4 of the majority opinion. The defendant was represented by counsel in one of the priоr convictions but not the other. Therefore, I concur fully with Division 4. I would remand for proper sentencing, аnd a new trial is not necessary as to that error. See Argersinger v. Hamlin, 407 U. S. 25, 40 (92 SC 2006, 32 LE2d 530).
But I dissent from Division 3 for two reasons:
First: The court did not express or intimate an oрinion as to what had or had not been proved, or as to the guilt of the defendant, although he re-phrased the assistant district attorney‘s question to the defendant as a witness and reminded the witness not to commit рerjury.
Second: Counsel for defendant made no objection nor did he move for a mistrial as a basis fоr an assignment of error. Hence the alleged error has been waived. See Williamson v. State, 217 Ga. 162 (1) (121 SE2d 782); Grimsley v. State, 225 Ga. 567 (2) (170 SE2d 238); Ezzard v. State, 229 Ga. 465 (2) (192 SE2d 374).
I am authorized to state that Presiding Judge Deen, Judge Marshall and Judge Banke join in this dissent.