28 S.E.2d 215 | N.C. | 1943
Plaintiff, administrator of Martha Green Chrismon, filed petition and motion in the cause for confirmation of the judgment previously rendered in a proceeding between the parties, and for adjudication that the service of the summons on the defendants in that proceeding was sufficient. *725
The facts pertinent to the issue involved may be summarized as follows: In 1940 G. E. Green, administrator of N.J. Chrismon, filed petition to sell land to make assets to pay debts. The heirs of the intestate were made parties defendant. It was admitted that the summons was issued and delivered to plaintiff for service 15 August, 1940, received by the sheriff 21 September, and served on twenty-four of the defendants 23 September, 1940. None of the defendants were served within ten days of issuance of summons. No answer was filed or appearance made except by guardian ad litem of two infant defendants. Decree of sale was entered 2 December, 1940, and thereafter sale confirmed and deed delivered 20 January, 1941. The title of the purchaser at the sale, who was Martha Green Chrismon, and that of her administrator and heirs now claiming under her, was thereafter questioned by a prospective purchaser, and thereupon G. E. Green, her administrator and heir, served notice on the defendants to show cause why the original judgment should not be confirmed and the service of summons on them adjudged to have been sufficient. Defendants, answering the motion, alleged that the service was invalid and the order of sale void. From an adverse ruling of the clerk, the defendants appealed to the judge of the Superior Court, who held that the attempted service of the summons on the defendants was a nullity, and that the judgment decreeing the sale was void.
From judgment denying his motion and dismissing his petition, plaintiff, administrator of Martha Green Chrismon, appealed. Is the service of a summons on the defendant more than ten days after the date on which it is made returnable sufficient to bring the defendant into court, and to render a judgment by default based thereon valid and binding?
The answer to this question must be sought in the statutes regulating procedure, as interpreted by this Court. The matter here brought in question arose in a special proceeding. By C. S., 753, it is required that special proceedings be commenced by summons, and that the manner of service shall be the same as that prescribed for civil actions. It is by this section provided that the summons shall command the defendant to appear and answer the petition within ten days after service. In civil actions the defendant must appear and answer within thirty days after service. Common to both forms of action is the requirement that the summons be returned by the officer to the clerk. In C. S., 476, as amended by ch. 66, Public Laws 1927, is contained this provision: "Summons must be served by the sheriff to whom it is addressed for *726 service within ten days after the date of issue. . . and, if not served within ten days after date of the issue upon every defendant, must be returned by the officer holding the same for service, to the clerk of the court issuing the summons, with notation thereon of its non-service and the reasons therefor as to every defendant not served."
Section 480 of Consolidated Statutes regulates what shall be done in case of failure to serve within ten days, as follows: "When the defendant in a civil action or special proceeding is not served with summons within the time in which it is returnable, the plaintiff may sue out an alias orpluries summons, returnable in the same manner as original process. Analias or pluries summons may be sued out at any time within ninety (90) days after the date of issue of the next preceding summons in the chain of summonses." The use of the word "may" in this statute has been by this Court interpreted to mean "must," if the plaintiff wishes to avoid a discontinuance. McGuire v. Lumber Co.,
It seems clear that the rule prescribed by these statutes is that in order to bring a defendant into court and hold him bound by its decree, in the absence of waiver or voluntary appearance, a summons must be issued by the clerk and served upon him by the officer within ten days after date of issue, and that if not served within that time the summons must be returned by the officer to the clerk with proper notation. Then, if the plaintiff wishes to keep his case alive, he must have an alias summons issued. In the event of failure of service within the time prescribed, the original summons loses its vitality. It becomes functus officio. There is no authority in the statute for the service of that summons on the defendant after the date therein fixed for its return, and if the plaintiff desires the original action continued, he must cause alias summons to be issued and served.
In Hatch v. R. R.,
At the time of the decision in the McGuire case referred to (1925), the statute then in force made the summons returnable in not less than ten nor more than twenty days from issuance. The summons in that case was issued 10 July, and made returnable 28 July. It was not served or returned within the time fixed. The Court said: "Therefore, when the plaintiff failed to take any steps, whatever, to sue out an alias *727 summons on the return date, to wit, 28 July, 1925, the sheriff of Swain County, having not returned the process prior to that time showing whether service had been made or not, a discontinuance resulted as is contemplated in C. S., 480, 481."
In Webster v. Laws,
In Neely v. Minus,
In McIntosh Prac. Proc., 312, 313, the author states the rule as follows: "When a definite return day was named in the summons, it was to be served, and the return should show that it was served, before the return day, since the officer must return it on or before the return day named. After the return day has passed, the summons has lost its vitality, and a service would be invalid; but the defect might be cured by a general appearance. . . . As has been stated above, after the return day the summons in the hands of the officer has lost its vitality, and a service thereafter is invalid . . ." We find the same general rule stated in 50 C. J., 487, as follows: "After the return day, the writ being functus officio, service of it is ineffective. So, where service is returnable to a term of court, its service after the appearance term, without an order extending it, is a nullity, as is service not made within an extension of time ordered by the court." And from 42 Am. Jur., 26, we quote: "Service may not be effected before the commencement of the suit, or after the return day. A writ or process which has not been served and under which nothing has been done expires on the return day, and thereafter confers no authority, unless, by virtue of statute or *728 of some act of the court itself, the right of the officer to serve the same is extended. Where the law requires summons to be served a certain number of days before the return day, a service otherwise made is void and confers no jurisdiction over the defendant."
A similar statement of the rule is found in other jurisdictions. InBlanton Banking Co. v. Taliaferro,
In Hennoke v. Strack,
A clear statement of the rule will be found in the case of Mussina v.Cavazos, 6 Wall. (U.S.), 355, from which we quote: "The ground of that decision (Castro v. U.S., 3 Wall., 46), and also of the case of Villabolosv. U.S., 6 How., 81, which preceded it, is the general principle, that all writs, which have not been served, and under which nothing has been done, expire on the day to which they were made returnable. They no longer confer any authority; an attempt to act under them is a nullity, and new writs are necessary, if the party wishes to proceed. Hence we have the alias writ, and others in numerical succession indefinitely."
Consideration of these statements of the applicable principles of law leads us to the conclusion that the statutes which gave to the court power to adjudicate the cause, and to decree a sale of the land which would divest the title of the defendants, also pointed out the manner in which jurisdiction might be obtained and the procedure by which the defendants should be bound and their title barred, and that unless this were followed, the power of the court to order a valid sale would be lacking. The right of the plaintiff to the relief sought must wait on the orderly procedure by which it is to be judicially determined.
The cases cited by plaintiff may not be held controlling on the facts of this case. In Nall v. McConnell,
In Morrison v. Lewis,
In Vick v. Flournoy,
While the summons in this case was attempted to be served on the defendants more than thirty days after the date of its issuance and they thus had actual knowledge of the proceeding, this alone may not be held sufficient to bind them. There was neither waiver nor voluntary appearance. The defendants had the right to rely on the invalidity of the service. However, subsequently, notice to show cause why the original decree should not be confirmed and the service of summons adjudged sufficient was duly served on the defendants, and some of them answered. Thus it would seem that all the defendants are now in court. While this would not have the effect of validating the original decree which was rendered without proper service, Monroe v. Niven,
As the court below declined to rule on the question of equitable estoppel raised by movant, holding that the only question presented was the sufficiency of the service of the original summons, it is still open to the plaintiffs to show facts which would support such a plea.
On the record the judgment of the Superior Court must be
Affirmed. *730