177 F. 105 | 9th Cir. | 1910
This action was brought in the United States Circuit Court by Anson McDermid, a locomotive engineer, hereafter to be called the plaintiff, against the Great Northern Railway Company, hereafter to be called the defendant, to recover damages for an injury to plaintiff’s right eye, caused by the alleged negligence of the defendant in not furnishing a guard for a lubricator glass in the locomotive. The glass exploded and partially destroyed the eye of the plaintiff. Verdict in favor of the plaintiff for $4,000, and, from a judgment thereon, the defendant sued out this writ of error.
The only specification of error relates to the refusal of the court to instruct the jury to return a verdict in favor of the defendant. The , evidence of the plaintiff is substantially as follows: The plaintiff was in the employ of the defendant company as an engineer. In May, 1908, he was ordered to take an engine from Hillyard, Wash., to Troy, Mont. Upon examining the engine, preparatory to starting, plaintiff .noticed the lack of a screen or guard over the lubricator glass in the cab. He immediately reported the defect to the roundhouse foreman, and requested that it be remedied. The foreman said, in answer to his report and request;
“Well, the night crew has gone. It is after 6 o’clock, and the day crew hasn’t come to work yet. Everything is locked up and I can’t get anything ’ for you. You will have to go and we will send the things to you.”
It is well established that if a servant who has knowledge of the defects in a machine gives notice to his master, or his proper representative, and is promised that they shall be remedied, his subsequent use o f it, in the well-grounded belief that they will he remedied within a reasonable time, is not, necessarily, either contributory negligence or within the assumption of risk. 'L'lie questions involved are for submission to the jury, unless the conclusion follows, as matter of law, that no recovery can be had upon any view which can be properly taken of the facts the evidence tends to establish. Kreigh v. Westingliouse & Co., 21. 1 U. S. 249, 29 Sup. Ct. G19, 53 L. Ed. 984 ; Hough v. Railway Co., 100 U. S. 213; 25 L. Ed. 612; Northern Pac. R. R. v. Babcock, 154 U. S. 190, 14 Sup. Ct. 978, 38 L. Ed. 958. We think this case was properly submitted under these principles. The jury found that the plaintiff was not guilty of contributory negligence; nor did he assume the risk.
But the defendant would have us decide that, as a matter of law, the plaintiff cannot recover because the undisputed facts of the case show conclusively that he was guilty of contributory negligence in this: That the plaintiff was bound by the rules of the company to do the very thing for the lack of doing which he was injured, namely, seeing to it that the guard was provided before he took the engine out on the trip. The-rule upon which the defendant bases its contention is as follows:
“Rule 468. ‘Before starting on a trip, they must examine their engines so as to know that: they are in safe condition to operate; that all stops, handrails and handholds are in perfect condition: that water and lubricator glasses and guards for same are in perfect condition, and must provide themselves with enough extra water and lubricator glasses and guards for same to replace any that may he broken.’
“‘a. Tinder no circumstances must they permit, water and lubricator glass guards lo tie removed while engines are under their charge.’
“ ‘b. It is the right and duty of engineers to take sufficient time to make such examination of their engines, before using same, as will avoid exposing them to unusual and unnecessary dangers by reason of any defective condition of same.’ ”
Defendant’s contention is based upon a construction of this rule, to the effect that it is the engineer’s duty to repair his engine, or see to it that the repairs are made. But it is apparent to us that neither the letter nor the spirit of the above rule supports this construction.
Railway rules 'are presumed to have been drawn up with care and study, and the meaning of the company ought to be expressed in clear and concise language. But if the intent and meaning are not so expressed, and the meaning of any particular rule is ambiguous or uncertain, it should be construed in its stronger sense against the company and in favor of the employé. In the case at bar, does the rule plainly and unambiguously prohibit the taking out of a defective engine? It seems to us clearly not.
.We have seen that the duty of making repairs devolved solely upon the foreman. He was fully capable of binding the company by a promise to the engineer concerning the duty which the coinpany owed "the engineer, the performance of which had been delegated to the foreman. Cincinnati Ry. Co. v. Robertson, 139 Fed. 519, 71 C. C. A. 335; Hough v. Railway Co., 100 U. S. 213, 25 L. Ed. 612.
The defendant attempts to distinguish the cases above cited from the 'one before us. There are some slight differences, it is true, but the principle on which the decisions cited rest is the same as that on which ' this case is based. ’ Defendant insists that in the Hough Case, supra, • the engineer was under the direct control of the foreman, while here, the engineer was not thus under his control, and that this lack of authority of the foreman over the engineer is fatal to the imputation to the company of promises made by the foreman to the engineer. The defendant again takes an erroneous view of the relative positions and duties of the foreman and of the engineer. The foreman was the superior of the engineer, at least, in regard to repairing the engine. Fie was the representative'of the defendant company in matters within the domain of repairing and mending- engines. Moreover, it' appears , from the evidence that when orders came from headquarters, it was ■.the duty and right of the foreman to select the engine and crew to exe"cute such orders. This power to designate what engine and. engineer .should perform the work makes-the foreman the superior of alldhose who may come within the purview of his selection. lie commands.
Objection is also made that the promise was insufficient in fact, in that it was never performed, and had not been performed within a reasonable time between the promise and the injury. Of course, if the promise had been performed, this cause would not now he before this court. What constituted a reasonable time between the promises and the injury was clearly a question for the jury, and its conclusion will not be questioned.
After examination of all the points urged for review, we are of opinion that there is no substantial ground for a reversal.
Judgment affirmed.