268 Mass. 515 | Mass. | 1929
This is a bill brought by the trustees under the will of Augustus Hemenway, who died in 1876, for instructions as to the disposition of two distributions made to them on stock of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company, a Pennsylvania corporation herein referred to as the Railroad Company, held by them as trustees. The case was reserved for the consideration of this court upon the bill and answers.
In his will Augustus Hemenway established a trust in the residue of his estate by the terms of which the trustees, after satisfying annuities, were to pay “all the remaining nett rents and income, during the continuance of this trust” to certain persons for life, and at the termination of the trust to convey the property to the testator’s issue then living, and if such issue be then extinct to transfer the property to the testator’s next of kin.
On August 25, 1927, the Railroad Company held $58,-500,000 in mortgage bonds of the Glen Alden Coal Company, a Pennsylvania corporation herein referred to as the Coal Company, and voted at a meeting of its board of managers to adopt a plan whereby the Railroad Company was to transfer to the Lackawanna Securities Company, a new corporation, a part of the surplus assets of the Railroad Company, namely, the bonds of the Coal Company amounting at par to $58,500,000, together with interest and the mortgage securing the bonds. The Securities Company was to issue all of its capital stock of no par value pro rata to the Railroad Company’s stockholders in consideration of the bonds and mortgage. The plan thus outlined was carried out, and the resolution of the board of managers of the Railroad Company states that the bonds and mortgage'were a part of its surplus assets. Their transfer was charged against surplus on the balance sheet of the Railroad Company, leaving a surplus after the transfer of more than $80,-000,000. As shown by the balance sheet the number of shares of stock of the Railroad Company and the capital
The bonds transferred to the Securities Company were part of an original issue of $60,000,000 received by the Railroad Company in 1921 as the proceeds of a sale of the coal properties of the Railroad Company to the Coal Company made pursuant to a design to segregate the coal properties and business of the Railroad Company. Prior to this sale these properties had been carried on the Railroad Company’s books at a nominal figure bearing no relation to their cost or value. The record does not state why they were so entered upon the books. After the sale the proceeds were carried to surplus, and the balance sheet shortly thereafter showed a surplus of approximately $125,000,000. The property thus conveyed by the Railroad Company consisted of thirteen thousand, two hundred and seventy-seven acres of coal lands owned in fee, together with leases of coal lands, and improvements and equipment of such lands, both owned and leased. The books of the Railroad Company do not show the capital expenditures made in acquisition of coal properties, but the record states that upon the best available estimates the cost of coal lands owned in fee was upwards of $10,009,000, of which at least $8,000,000 represented capital contributed by stockholders or surplus later capitalized by the issue of stock dividends, and the allegation that the facts are according to the estimation was admitted. It is a fair inference from the record that a part of the coal lands owned in fee and the leases of coal lands were acquired and paid for out of earnings. About $43,000,000 had been expended from time to time in development, plant and equipment of the coal properties and charged to surplus. Expenditures of that nature are a necessary part of the management of coal lands before they can be made available for current operation, The
The first question is whether the distribution of the Securities Company stock is to be treated by the trustees as income for the beneficiaries for life or capital to be held for remaindermen. A further question is presented as to the disposition to be made of a cash distribution of $3 per share subsequently made by the Securities Company to its shareholders. The resolution as' to the payment of this dividend merely provides that it shall be made to holders of record as of September 20, 1927. The sources from which this money was derived were in part a payment by the Coal Company of principal and in part a payment of interest on the bonds.
In determining the rights as between life tenants and remaindermen, the intention of the testator is the controlling consideration. Reed v. Head, 6 Allen, 174, 178. If a testator, resident in this Commonwealth, makes a.gift of income without defining what he intends the word to mean or prescribing the method by which the income is to be determined (see Mayberry v. Carey, ante, 255, 258, 259), he would naturally expect the rights of beneficiaries in distributions on corporate stock held in trust to be governed by the rules adopted by this court as generally applicable to such cases.
It has frequently been said in our decisions that in determining the nature of a dividend the substance rather than the form will be considered, but this ordinarily does not mean that the court must conduct an examination into the accounts of a corporation and its history for the purpose of ascertaining the original sources of money or property distributed as a dividend or the time when money or property distributed was acquired. The substance and intent as shown by the votes are to be ascertained. Rand v. Hubbell, 115 Mass. 461. In Minot v. Paine, 99 Mass. 101, 107-108, the court said: “But neither courts nor trustees can investigate such matters with accuracy; and in many cases no investigation can be made. A trustee needs some plain prin
The rule enunciated in Minot v. Paine, 99 Mass. 101,108, to regard “cash dividends, however large, as income, and stock dividends, however made, as capital,” has been followed in this Commonwealth as the general rule in determining the rights of life tenants and remaindermen. Gardiner v. .Gardiner, 212 Mass. 508. Coolidge v. Grant, 251 Mass. 352. Old Colony Trust Co. v. Shaw, 261 Mass. 158, 168. In so far as courts of other jurisdictions have adopted a different rule, their decisions are not of controlling authority in this Commonwealth. The stock dividends to which reference is made in the rule quoted ordinarily mean shares in the corporation
Apart from special limitations in its charter or by statute, there would seem to be no sufficient reason for a fixed rule that an investment of capital assets of a corporation, whatever their source, in a wasting property like a coal mine or in
Upon the record there would seem to be no sufficient ground for reaching the conclusion that the corporation was not justified in carrying to the surplus account the proceeds of the coal properties in 1921 and in declaring a dividend from surplus in 1927. See Old Colony Trust Co. v. Shaw, supra. The dividend clearly appears to have been intended by the corporation as a partial distribution of surplus. Rand v. Hubbell, 115 Mass. 461. Gray v. Hemenway, 212 Mass. 239, 243. No question is raised as to the good faith of the officers. Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States v. Union Pacific Railroad, 212 N. Y. 360, 371,372. But it is not necessary that the case rest on that ground alone for if it be assumed, without so deciding, that there had been an “effectual capitalization,” within the meaning of those words in Hemenway v. Hemenway, 181 Mass. 406, 411, of the whole or a part of the coal properties sold, and that this character was likewise impressed on the bonds received in exchange, it does not follow that the bonds, or the stock received for them, could not be made available for the payment of a dividend from surplus, provided their equivalent in value remained in the
In the case of Heard v. Eldredge, 109 Mass. 258, a part of the real estate of a wharf company, whose right to own real estate was within strictly defined limits, was taken by eminent domain, and a part of the damages paid for the taking was distributed as a dividend. The officers of the corporation made no declaration that the dividend was paid from surplus; the source of the dividend was easily traced, and upon the evidence appearing in the original record the finding would have been justified that the dividend could not have been paid from surplus without impairing capital. The court apparently treated the distribution as a payment in
Upon the admitted facts we are of opinion that the stock of the Securities Company held by the petitioners, and the proceeds of stock sold, belong to the life tenants, and the distribution of $3 a share, having been derived in part from the payment of principal and in part from the payment of interest on the bonds, also belongs to the parties entitled under the will to income. A decree is to be entered that the fifteen hundred and twelve shares of stock of the Lackawanna Securities Company, the proceeds of the sale by the trustees of ninety-eight shares sold, and the dividend of S3 a share are income to be distributed to the life tenants in accordance with the terms of the will. Costs as between solicitor and client are to be awarded in the discretion of the single justice, to be charged to the principal of the fund.
Ordered accordingly.