111 N.Y.S. 386 | N.Y. App. Div. | 1908
Lead Opinion
Specially appearing for the purpose of the motion, the Cobre Grande Copper Company moved to vacate an order for the service of the summons upon it by publication and said motion having been denied, appeals. This is a stockholders’ suit brought by the plaintiffs on behalf of all other stockholders of the Cobre Grande Copper Company, an Arizona corporation, similarly situated, for the purpose of procuring a decree adjudging that the Cananea Consolidated Copper Company, a Mexican corporation, holds the legal title to certain mines and mining properties in the ¡Republic of Mexico in trust for the Cobre Grande Copper Company, and of compelling the defendants William C. Greene, the Greene Consolidated Copper Company and the Cananea Consolidated Copper Company to account for and pay over to the defendant Cobre Grande Copper Company all benefits of every kind, if any, derived by them or any of them from any of the said properties and of obtaining other like relief.
The papers sufficiently disclose that the Cobre Grande Copper Company is a foreign corporation and that after due diligence the plaintiff has been unable to serve it or any of its officers with the summons in this State and that it will be unable so to do. The order appealed from is attacked upon the ground that it was improperly granted upon the face of the papers. Section 438 of the Code'
From the complaint, and the exhibits thereto attached, it appears that option agreements from William C. Greene to George Mitchell, both of Arizona, were executed on November 26, 1898. These took the form of an escrow constituted by the execution of the deeds .of properties described in the complaint, and the deposit of those deeds with the Phoenix National Bank of Phoenix, Ariz., to be held by it and delivered in accordance with the terms of the accompanying escrow agreements, which provided for the payment of $12,500 in cash, and $237,500 in deferred installments. On the same day was executed a license agreement by Greene to Mitchell to enter upon and work the mines described in the deeds deposited in escrow. The deed contemplates the payment by Mitchell of the amounts stipulated in the deeds which are again set forth. Mitchell also covenanted as follows: A. To erect a smelter described within six months; B. To pay Greene fifty per cent of the net proceeds of all ore shipped, such payments to be made monthly upon an accounting to be made to Greene with reference thereto on the 15th day of the month; O. That “ Greene shall have free access to the workings of said property and to the books and accounts and papers concerning the same at all times.” The agreement contained the following provision: “ It is further agreed that in case either party fails or neglects to keep any of the provisions or conditions on his part herein to be performed that the other party may, at his option, elect to consider that the same is a forfeiture of the terms or conditions of this contract and all rights [of] the respective parties thereunder;
On April 15, 1899, Greene executed a trust agreement with Mitchell, which set forth that whereas Greene has a permit from the Mexican government allowing him the privilege óf owning property within the frontier zone of twenty leagues, which said permission is necessary in order to enable foreigners to own property within said frontier zone, it is agreed that upon compliance with the terms of said escrows, the said Greene shall continue to hold the title of said property as a trust for the said Mitchell or his assigns until such time as the said Mitchell or his assigns may demand a deed therefor. The complaint further alleges that under date of May 26, 1899, Mitchell assigned to the Cobre Grande Copper Company, which had been incorporated on the 25 th of April, 1899, all of Mitchell’s right, title and interest held by him individually, or in trust, in and to the said escrow agreements and the property therein described, and also all the improvements, mills, furnace, machinery and personal property of every kind and nature situate on, at or near the said property.
An agreement between Greene and the Cobre Grande Copper Company, dated July 22,1899. This agreement recites the escrow agreements, the organization of the Cobre Grande Copper Company, the transfer of his rights by Mitchell to that company, Greene’s ownership of certain mining claims not covered by the escrow agreements, an understanding between Greene and Mitchell that if the escrow agreements are fully carried out by the Cobre Grande Copper Company, as the assignee of Mitchell, Greene will convey to Mitchell or the Cobre Grande Copper Company the additional properties described in this agreement, and provides that the Greene-Mitcliell contract of November 26, 1898, shall remain in full force except as modified by this agreement. The modifications provided for concern the terms of payment and the method of accounting as to the net proceeds of the ore shipped. It was pro
This agreement continued in force the defeasance clause of the original license contract. The escrow agreements were not affected by it and the provision for the conveyance of the additional property described in the agreement was made expressly subject to the condition that the Cobre Grande Copper Company should comply with all the conditions of the previous contracts above mentioned.
It is alleged that on July 24,1899, Greene sold the Elisa mine to the Cobre Grande Company and accepted from it in payment therefor four promissory notes for the aggregate sum of $100,000 payable at yearly intervals commencing July 24, 1901, and that pursuant to said sale the Cobre Grande Company became the equitable owner of said mine. It also alleges that the said defendant Greene continued to hold the title thereto in trust for and on account of ■ the defendant Cobre Grande Company. It is not alleged that any of these notes were paid or any conditions upon which the alleged - trust to be executed were performed.
Deed from Greene to Cananea Consolidated Copper Company, dated October 11, 1899. This conveyance transferred all of the mines referred to in the foregoing agreements and other property to the Cananea Consolidated Copper Company in fee simple, and it expressly recited the Mitchell license agreement and escrows and the provisions with reference to termination for non-fulfillment, declared that those contracts had not been performed and that Greene considered the same to be void and of no effect. It provided that in case, by reason of the execution of this deed to the Cananea Company Greene should nevertheless incur any legal
If the cause of action is one to establish a trust of real estate and incidentally to obtain an accounting with reference to the income, or as an action for an accounting as to the income of an alleged trust and incidentally for a declaration of trust, the alleged rights of the Cobre Grande Copper Company which the plaintiffs are attempting to assert, depend upon the continued existence of the option right to purchase the properties in question and the right to hold possession thereof under the agreements collateral to the option. As the escrow agreements were mere option contracts entitling the Cobre Grande Copper Company upon making certain payments to receive conveyances of the property, it is necessary that the complaint should show either that the payments required to be made in order to entitle the Cobre Grande Company to a delivery of the deeds were made, or that facts should be alleged showing a modification or waiver of these conditions, so that it may appear that such rights have actually accrued to the Cobre Grande Company. Since it appears that all the contract rights of the Cobre Grande Copper Company, independently of the escrow agreements, were to cease at Greene’s election upon its failure to perform any of the covenants contained in the license agreement of November 26, 1898, as modified by the agreement of July 22,1899, and as it expressly appears that Greene claimed default had occurred and attempted to exercise his election to terminate the rights of the Cobre Grande Copper Company, it was necessary, in order to make out a cause of action, that the pleader should allege that the Cobre Grande Copper Company had duly performed all of the covenants and conditions of the license agreement with Greene of July 22, 1899, or should set up the facts establishing a waiver thereof. The only allegation of the complaint concerning performance by the Cobre Grande Company of the contracts which the plaintiffs claim in its behalf is as follows: “ That the said $37,500 payable on Novem
This is not an allegation that the covenants or conditions of any of the agreements were performed or that they were waived; that the payments provided for in the escrow agreements, as modified, were made or that they were waived. An allegation of performance made in the alternative is not a sufficient allegation either of performance or of waiver.
This court said in Todd v. Union Casualty & Surety Co. (70 App. Div. 52): “ The complaint is also fatally defective in another respect. * * * To entitle the plaintiff to recover he must show that he has performed all of the conditions of the policy on his part to be performed, or that performance 'has been waived, and this he does not do by alleging that he has complied with the policy in that respect, except where the same has been waived. If he has performed, then that fact must be alleged without qualification. If he has not performed for the reason that defendant waived performance, then the conditions waived and
That case was cited and followed in Pope Manufacturing Co. v. Rubber Goods Manufacturing Co., No. 1 (110 App. Div. 341), this court saying: “ Facts must be stated from which it may be determined whether or not the legal conclusion of waiver follows.”
It seems to me, as the entire cause of action attempted to be set up in the complaint, from any point of view thereof which may be taken, is based absolutely upon the alleged equitable rights of the Cobre Grande Copper Company in and to the mines and mining properties in Mexico, title to which it claims was held in trust for it, that when it sets up its alleged chain of title and it appears that each and every one of the documents relied upon contained conditions precedent, with provisions avoiding the same upon default, it is absolutely essential that the complaint should allege due performance or set up the facts necessary to establish a waiver.
The jurisdictional fact in section439 of the Code of Civil Procedure is that the order must be founded upon a verified complaint showing a sufficient cause of action, and while, on such motions, it may be that we do not search the complaint as upon demurrer, still, when an absolutely necessary element of a cause of action is wanting, it cannot be said that the order is based upon a complaint showing a sufficient cause of action.
This court said, by Mr. Justice McLaughlin, in Montgomery v. Boyd (60 App. Div. 133), citing many cases: “ It must appear from the complaint filed that the plaintiff has a sufficient cause of action against him, or that there is specific property within the State belonging to him or in which he has an interest, from which the judgment in the action, when recovered, may be satisfied. * * * So far as we have been able to discover, it has been uniformly held that in order to justify an order directing service by publication, or personally without the State, the complaint upon which the order-is based must show that the plaintiff has a cause of action.”
But it is objected that the Cobre Grande Company is a mere nominal defendant and that it is not necessary under such circumstances that a cause of action should be stated against it. The plaintiffs as stockholders do not sue'in their own rights and for their own benefit. The cause of action which they attempt to allege is
To support the order appealed from it is necessary that the moving papers should establish not only that the defendant is a foreign corporation, but that the complaint demands judgment that a vested or contingent interest in or lien upon specific real or personal property within the State in favor of either party be enforced, regulated, defined or limited, or otherwise affecting the title to such property. In Chesley v. Morton (9 App. Div. 461), on appeal from an order vacating an order directing the service of the- summons by publication in an action brought by an administrator appointed in this State against a resident of Massachusetts for an accounting of a copartnership formerly existing between plaintiff’s decedent and the defendant, Mr. Justice Barrett, after citing the provisions of sections 438 and 439 of the Code, said of section 439 : “ This latter section, it has been held, requires not only that the facts alleged shall show a cause of action, but also that such cause of action shall be one of which the court where suit is brought may take cognizance. (Bryan v. University Publishing Company, 112 N. Y. 382; Paget v. Stevens, 143 id. 172.) The court may lack jurisdiction either, as in the Paget case, through statutory limitations placed upon its power, or, as in the Bryan case, by reason of the absence from this State of the person sued or the subject-matter of the action. Where suit is brought against a non-resident by substituted service, it must partake
It was alleged in that case that the copartnership had done business in the city of Hew York, and that there, were assets of the copartnership within the State of Hew York. The learned court at Special Term held in the case at bar that “ The purpose of this action is to reach assets belonging to' the Cobre Company in the hands of the other defendants, resident or doing business in this State. It, therefore, partakes of the nature of an action in rem, and the allegations of the complaint are sufficient to compel jurisdiction.” This was based upon the proposition that the defendants Greene and the Can anea Company and the Greene Consolidated Copper Company were accountable to the Cobre Grande Company as their cestui que trust for large sums alleged to have been received and dissipated by them, and he concluded: “If the allegations of the complaint are true, * * "" the Cobre Company is here and has property here, and, therefore, not only will the court be able to decree the ultimate rights of all the parties, but its judgment may be enforced against res actually within the jurisdiction. In brief, the order of publication should be sustained for the following reasons : 1. The Cobre Company is in this State to an extent sufficient to enable the court to acquire jurisdiction. 2. It has property here in the shape of assets in the hands of the other defendants. 3. The action is quasi in rem. 4. The defendant served is but nominally a party, no relief being asked against it, and is beneficially interested in any results favorable to the plaintiffs. 5. The parties against whom relief is asked are before tlie court, and it lias power to render an enforceable judgment.”
I suppose that an “ interest in or lien upon specific * * * property within the State ” means something, and that the phrase is not broad enough to cover a claim for an accounting against parties served within the jurisdiction of the State of profits of property situated without the State, unless, at least, the complaint sets up facts sufficient to show that that claim is well founded. Admitting every well-pleaded allegation of fact in the complaint, as we must upon this motion, it fails to show such claim. This omission is fatal.
It follows, therefore, that the order appealed from should be reversed, with ten dollars costs and disbursements, and the order for publication vacated, with ten dollars costs.
McLaughlin and Soott, JJ., concurred; Ingraham and Laughlin, JJ., dissented.
Dissenting Opinion
By section 1780 of the Code of Civil Procedure an action against a foreign corporation may be maintained by a resident of the State
I, therefore, dissent.
Ladghlin, J., concurred.
Order reversed, with ten dollars costs and disbursements, and motion granted, with ten dollars costs.