189 N.Y. 241 | NY | 1907
The Appellate Division, in allowing an appeal to this court, certified the following question: "Upon the facts appearing upon this application, did the Supreme Court of this state acquire jurisdiction of the Cananea Consolidated Copper Company, Sociedad Anonima, in this action."
It appears from the allegations of the complaint that James A. Grant, the plaintiff, is the owner of stock in the defendant Cobre Grande Copper Company, an Arizona corporation, of which the defendant William C. Greene is the president and the owner of the majority of the stock; that the plaintiff brings this action in behalf of himself and of all other stockholders of the corporation similarly situated, to have the defendant Cananea Consolidated Copper Company, a Mexican corporation, adjudged to be the holder, in trust, for the benefit of the Cobre Grande Copper Company of certain mines and mining properties situate in the republic of Mexico, of which the defendant William C. Greene is also the president and owner or controller of substantially all of the stock of the corporation, and to compel such corporation and William C. Greene, its president, together with the Greene Consolidated Copper Company, a West Virginia corporation, of which he is also the president and the owner or controller of substantially all of its stock, to account to the Cobre Grande Copper Company and to the plaintiff for the income and profits arising from the work, use and occupation of such mines and mining properties. The complaint alleges, in substance, that the Greene Consolidated *245 Copper Company was organized as a holding company of the stock of both the Cananea and Cobre Grande companies, and to take over and dispose of the ores produced by those companies. The action was commenced by the personal service of a summons within this state upon William C. Greene, individually and as president of the three corporations named. The uncontroverted facts, as appear from the affidavits read upon the hearing of the motion, are substantially as follows: William C. Greene is a resident of the city of New York, and the Greene Consolidated Copper Company maintains an office at No. 24 Broad street in that city, where its president, Greene, conducts the general business of the corporation. The Cananea corporation was organized for the purpose of holding legal title to the mines and properties situated in the republic of Mexico belonging to the Cobre Grande Company, to which under the Mexican laws it was unable to hold legal title, unless it incurred heavy taxes and expenses of legalization. As such it is engaged in the mining, reducing and refining of ores at and near the city of Cananea in the state of Sonora, in the republic of Mexico, and the ores produced from such mines as soon as smelted and treated are transferred and delivered to the Greene Consolidated Copper Company, which company causes the same to be sold and shipped to such parts of the world as the purchasers may order. The Cananea corporation also owns and controls the Banco de Cananea, a bank doing business in the city of Cananea, which bank at times has credit balances with its correspondent bank in the city of New York. The Cananea Company draws drafts upon the Greene Consolidated Company for the purpose of meeting its expenses in the working of the mines, and at the time this motion was made it had a sum of money to its credit with the Greene Consolidated Company. While the Cananea Company maintains no office, clerk or employee in this state, and does not transact business here other than that referred to, the stock of the Cananea Company is owned by the Greene Company, and the business of the former company is managed, controlled and its business *246 conducted by the Greene Company through its president and officers at its office in Broad street in the city of New York. The question is thus presented as to whether, under the facts here presented, the courts of this state acquired jurisdiction of the plaintiff's cause of action by the service of a summons upon the president of the Cananea Company.
It will readily be seen that the situation is peculiar and differs from that of any other reported case, either in our own or the Federal courts, to which our attention has been called. The Cananea Company certainly is a proper party in an action for an accounting. Whether it be a necessary party, we do not now determine. If it is a necessary party and the courts of this state have not acquired jurisdiction of it by the service of a summons in the manner set forth, it is not apparent how the minority stockholders of the Cobre Grande Company can obtain relief. Should they commence their action in the Federal court, they would be met with the same difficulty with reference to the acquiring of jurisdiction over the Mexican corporation, and should they go to Mexico and institute their action there, they would meet with a similar difficulty with reference to acquiring jurisdiction over the Cobre Grande and the Greene Consolidated corporations. We are not now concerned with the question as to whether the complaint states a cause of action, for the motion to set aside the service of the summons was based upon the grounds that the Cananea Company was a Mexican corporation which did not carry on business or maintain an office or possess property within this state, and did not have any officer, agent or employee authorized to accept service of papers, and that the service made was in violation of the first section of the 14th amendment of the Constitution of the United States, and consequently did not give our courts jurisdiction. The provision of the Constitution referred to is that which prohibits the depriving of any person of property without due process of law. If the defendant Cananea Company is here to such an extent that we may acquire jurisdiction of it by the service of a summons, then our courts may *247 determine as to the rights of the company in so far as it has property here over which the courts may acquire jurisdiction. If it has property or profits arising from the mining of ores in the hands of the Greene Consolidated corporation which in equity belongs to our own citizens, they may apply to the courts, either State or Federal, to recover that which belongs to them, and such application is the due process of law which the Constitution recognizes and requires.
Section 1780 of the Code of Civil Procedure provides that an action against a foreign corporation may be maintained by a resident of the state for any cause of action, and section 432, subd. 1, provides that personal service of a summons upon a foreign corporation may be made within the state by the delivering of a copy thereof to its president, vice-president, treasurer or secretary. The service made herein strictly conforms to the requirements of the Code, and thereby operates to give our courts jurisdiction to hear and determine the claims of the parties and award the proper judgment, upon which process may issue to reach any property of the judgment creditor that may be within this state and subject to our jurisdiction. (Pope v.Terre Haute Car Mfg. Co.,
It is contended that the defendant, the Cananea Company, had not designated or authorized any person to accept service upon the company in this state. Very true, it had not; but under the provisions of the Code such designation is not necessary, provided the head officers of the corporation are here and can be served, such as the president, vice-president, treasurer or secretary. Section 432, subd. 2, of the Code contains provisions with reference to the designating of persons by corporations in this state upon whom service of process may be made. These provisions are only important when there is no president, vice-president, treasurer or secretary here. Under the third subdivision of the section further provision is made for cases where no designation has been made, and when neither of the officers above specified can be found within the state then service may be made upon a cashier, a director or a managing agent of the company if the corporation has property within the state or the cause of action arose *249 therein. It will thus be seen that the legislature has proceeded with much care in framing these provisions, carefully safeguarding the rights of foreign corporations as well as those of our own citizens. While the first subdivision of the section is exceedingly broad and authorizes the personal service of the summons upon the head officers of a corporation, specifically naming the president, vice-president, treasurer or secretary, the third subdivision, which authorizes the service upon the director, cashier or managing agent, is limited to cases only in which the corporation has property within the state or the cause of action arose therein.
It must be conceded that in so far as the service of process is concerned, the decisions of our own court are not in entire accord with those of the Supreme Court of the United States. InPope v. Terre Haute Car Mfg. Co. (supra) it was held that when the action was brought by a resident of this state the service of a summons upon the president of a foreign corporation while temporarily in this state was valid, even though the corporation had no office, transacted no business and had no property within the state. In the case of Goldey v. MorningNews (
We have already stated the facts under which the service was made in this case. As we have seen, Greene was the president of the Cananea Company, owning or controlling all the stock of the company. He had caused to be organized the Greene Consolidated Corporation as a holding company, to which he had transferred the principal part of the Cananea stock. He was also the president and owner, or controller, of all of the stock of the Greene Consolidated Company. Its office was located in New York city, where Greene resided and conducted its business, which included the management and control of the business of the Cananea Company. It appears to us that, under the facts appearing in this case, the service was valid, not only under the decisions of our court, but under those of the Federal court as well. *252
The order of the Appellate Division should be reversed and that of the Special Term affirmed, with costs in both courts, and the question certified answered in the affirmative.
CULLEN, Ch. J., O'BRIEN, EDWARD T. BARTLETT, VANN, HISCOCK and CHASE, JJ., concur.
Ordered accordingly.