47 Ala. 135 | Ala. | 1872
Lead Opinion
The appellant, as a creditor of the estate of Peter Martin, deceased, recovered a judgment nil dicit against his administrator, upon which an execution de bonis intestatis was returned “no property found.” He then brought this suit upon the administration bond against the appellee as surety.
The court charged the jury, that if the note on which the judgment against the administrator was obtained was not presented to him within eighteen months after the grant of letters of administration, and the heirs of the said estate had, after that time, distributed the property among themselves, without any order or proceeding to that effect from the probate court, and that the administrator had received no assets since that distribution, when the suit was brought, and the judgment obtained against him, the plaintiff could not recover against this defendant.
The substance of this charge, as shown by the bill of exceptions, is, that the plaintiff’s demand was barred by the statute of non-claim, because it was not presented to the administrator within eighteen months from the 31st of December, 1862, when letters of administration were granted to him. It was presented in the latter part of 1865, or in January, 1866.
The statute of non-claim, like the statute of limitations, was suspended in this State from the 11th of January, 1861, to the 21st of September, 1865. This decision accords with the theory of the decision in Bibb & Falkner v. Avery, 45 Ala. 691, with the legislation of the State during the late war, (Acts of 1862,) with ordinance No. 5 of the convention of 1865, and with the decision in Coleman v. Holmes, 44 Ala. 121. This being the case, the above charge was erroneous.
The charge asked by the plaintiff, that the recovery of
The judgment is reversed, and the cause remanded:
The principle is settled that an executor or administrator appointed in a. neighboring State (that is to say, a foreign executor or administrator,) cannot be sued as such out of the State conferring his authority. — Campbell, Adm’r, v. Tousey, Ex’r, 7 Cowen, 63.
Such foreign administrator or executor can only be sued as administrator or executor de son tort, and creditors, through such an administrator, cannot bind the estate. — 7 Cowen, 63, and Campbell v. Sheldon, 13 Pickering, 8. Besides, our own statute holds (Rev. Code, § 2292) that “ no person is liable to an action as executor of his own wrong,” except “ to the executor or administrator” for the value of all the property which may have come into his hands under a particular state of facts fully specified.
How, we ask, if the principles above enumerated be lato, could the judgment against J. L. Martin, a foreign admin
Again, tbe undertaking of tbe sureties is to answer for tbe acts and doings of tbeir principal witbin tbe jurisdiction only of tbe court granting tbe letters of administration. Tbis fact is evidenced by tbe requirement of Revised Code, § 2293, requiring tbe foreign administrator to record bis foreign letters, duly autbenticated, and to give a new bond, before be is permitted to execute tbe functions of bis office.
With becoming deference to tbe opinion of tbe learned Justice delivering tbe opinion in tbis cause, we venture to maintain tbat tbe judgment against tbe administrator was not conclusive against bis sureties. To sustain tbis view of tbe case, we invite a careful reading, by tbe court, of §§ 2281 (1922) and 2282 (1923), Revised Code. La tbe former, execution may issue against tbe administrator and his sweties upon tbe return of execution (on decree of tbe probate court against tbe administrator) “no property”; but bi tbe latter section, upon a like state of facts, tbe execution can only be issued against tbe administrator, personally. Now, we ask, wby provide for issue against tbe' sureties upon return of tbe execution “no property,” in tbe former, and not so in tbe latter, if it be true tbat tbe judgment of tbe circuit court be conclusive against tbe surety ? Wby render it necessary to sue upon tbe bond, suggesting a devastavit in tbis instance, wben we find tbe bond required in both instances taken and approved by tbe same officer ? Let us suppose tbat a decree bad been rendered against tbe administrator in tbe probate court about tbe time of tbe rendition of tbis judgment in tbe circuit court, and what would have resulted ? In tbe former, execution being returned “ no property” upon tbe decree, “ an execution may issue against sucb executor or administrator and Ms sureties ;” whilst in tbe latter a long and tedious litigation is opened up for tbe judgment creditor in tbe circuit court. It is true tbat tbe statute of 1826, Clay’s Dig, 228, § 34, referred to in tbe opinion of tbe court in tbis case, is not incorporated in his verbis in tbe Eevised
Rehearing
Application for rehearing overruled.