On November 4, 1959, plaintiff began Civil Action No. 1255, 1959, against defendant for injuries allegedly sustained as the result of a motor vehicle accident on No^ vember 12, 1958. At this timе, the applicable statute of limitations governing personal injury actions Was- one year. Following two unsuccessful attempts- to effect sеrvice of process, service was purportedly made on April 26, 1960, by leaving a copy at the residence of defendant’s grandmother, which wаs described in the Sheriff’s return *243 as the defendant’s usual place of abode.
On May 11, 1960, defendant filed a motion to dismiss the action upon the grounds of improper and ineffective service of proсess. On November 17, 1961, the Superior Court granted the motion of defendant and dismissed the complaint for insufficiency of service of process. Following appeal to this court, we affirmed the judgment of the lower court on April 26, 1962.
(Whetsel v. Gosnell,
Del.,
On November 21, 1962, plaintiff began the instant action, No. 1467 C.A.1963, and, again following twо unsuccessful attempts to effect service of process, personal service was obtained on March 22, 1963. immediately thereafter, defendant moved to dismiss the complaint upon the grounds that the action was barred by the statute of limitations. Following judgment in the lower court adverse to his position, defendant has appealed to this court.
To overcome the bar of the statute of limitations, plaintiff, in her complaint and in argument upon this motion, has relied upon the provisions of 10 Del. C. Sec. 8117(a) which provides:
“If in any action duly commenced within the time limited therefor in this chapter, the writ fails of a sufficiеnt service or return by any unavoidable accident, or by any default or neglect of the officer to Whom it is committed; or if the writ is abated, or the action otherwise avoided or defeated by the death of any party thereto-, or for any matter of form; or if after a verdict for the plаintiff, the judgment shall not be given for the plaintiff because of some error appearing on the face of the record which vitiates the proceedings; or if a judgment for the plaintiff is reversed on appeal or a writ of error; a new action may be commenced, for the same cause of action, at any time *244 within 1 year after the abatement or other determination of the original action, or after the reversаl of the judgment therein.”
The briefs filed by defendant in the lower court an'd before this court indicate that defendant, at various times, has advanced threе separate and somewhat inconsistent positions in support of his motion to dismiss the complaint. In his original brief before the lower court, defеndant argued that the above-cited statute is inapplicable to the instant case since the one year period established by the statutе began to run on November 17, 1961, the date of the dismissal of the original action by the Superior Court. Although the argument has apparently been abandoned, we deem this question of sufficient importance to require our decision, especially since it was passed on by the court below.
The рrevailing rule is succinctly established in 79 A.L.R2d 1276:
“Under various renewal statutes, it has been held in an overwhelming majority of cases that the time limited for the recommencement of an action is to be measured from the date of the affirmance on appeal of a judgment or decision adverse to the plaintiff, not from the date of the adverse decision or judgment below. In other words, the plaintiff is not required to risk his privilege of renewal by taking an appeal.”
Accord:
Adams v. St. Louis-San Francisco Railway Company,
[2, 31 Defendant, however, contended that 10 Del. C. Sec. 8117(a) by specifying only reversal of judgments *245 for plaintiff as a ground for application of the statute necessarily excluded affirmance of judgments adverse to plaintiff as a relevant factor in the- computation of the one year period. It is obvious, however, that the statute is designed ■to allow a рlaintiff, within prescribed limitations, one year to file a second cause of action following a final judgment ■adverse to his position if such judgment was not upon the merits of the cause of action. Obviously, if the initial judgment in the trial court was favorable to the plaintiff, plaintiff has no need to avail himsеlf of the savings statute. Accordingly, we -are of the opinion that, assuming the statute is otherwise applicable, plaintiff has brought her action within the оne year period required by the statute.
Defendant’s second position, initially advanced in the reply brief in the court below, is that no abatement occurred within the meaning of the saving statute since the decision of the lower court merely held the process insufficient. Therefore, defendant argued, the action • continued until October 12, 1962, six months from the date of the non est return of the second pluries writ. In any event, it is difficult to perceivе how this later abatement would strengthen defendant’s position. Defendant compared his motion in •the original cause of action to the cоmmon law motion to vacate the Sheriff’s return. See Wooley On Delaware Practice, Secs. 212, 213; and
Bros v. Wilkins,
Under the present rules of pleading, howеver, a defendant, objecting to insufficient service of process, miay move to quash the writ or, alternatively, to dismiss the complaint. See Form 19 оf the Appendix of Forms to the Civil Rules of the Superior Court,
Del. C.
Such an objection, presented in the form of a motion under Rule 12, is in the nature of a plеa of abatement. See Baron and Holtzoff, Federal Practice and Procedure, Volume 1A, Sec.
*246
355; and
Sweeney v. Greenwood Index-Journal Company,
The court, in ruling upon a motion to dismiss or tо quash, predicated upon insufficient service of process, may, if the evidence warrants, merely quash the writ or, alternatively, if the facts indicate that plaintiff will be unable to effect service of process in the foreseeable future, dismiss the action entirely. See
Horlick Company v. Bogue Electric Manufacturing Company,
Defendant’s third position, advanced before this court, is that the instant case is not within the terms of the savings statute since the statute, with respect to failure of service of process, аpplies only to two limited categories:
(a) Failure of a writ by unavoidable accident, or
(b) Failure due to a default or neglect of the servicing officer.
Statutes such as 10
Del. C.
Sec. 8117(a) have a remedial рurpose and should be liberally construed. See
Wilt v. Smack,
Defendant’s final contention is that there are no equitable considerations favoring plaintiff’s position because of the delay in bringing the second action. In the first plaсe, 10 Del. C. Sec. 8117(a) gives plaintiff an absolute right to bring this action if she is within the terms of the statute. See Giles v. Rodolico, cited supra. Secondly, the law favors a decision of controversy upon the merits of the dispute, and defendant has not been prejudiced since he was given prompt notice of nlaintiff’s intention to litigate. See Wilt v. Smack, cited supra.
Accordingly, the judgment of the court below is affirmed.