61 Mo. 492 | Mo. | 1876
delivered the opinion of the court.
The plaintiff brought his action against the defendant, a corporation, to recover damages for injnries which he received whilst in its employment. The injury was received from the bursting of one of the hot ovens or furnaces, and that was caused by the alleged wrongful action of one Withrow who was the general superintendent, in carelessly ordering the fire to be applied in a manner which was sure to produce an explosion. The plaintiff’s testimony tended to show that Withrow had for a long time been the superintendent of the works and furnaces in question, and was the only person who exercised any active control over their running and operation; he giving all the orders as to what was to be done, and how doue, and employing and discharging the laborers, of whom plaintiff was one. In all things he seems to have acted in the position of master.
At the conclusion of the plaintiff’s evidence, the court-, upon the request of the defendant, gave an instruction that the plaintiff could not recover. Upon the giving of this instruction, the plaintiff took a non-suit with leave to move to set the same aside, and the court having refused to set the non-suit aside, plaintiff appealed.
The only argument advanced in support of the ruling of the court is, that plaintiff was a fellow-servant with Withrow-, and therefore is precluded from maintaining this action. It is hardly necessary to repeat what has been so often adjudged, that where injuries to' servants or laborers happen through the negligence or misconduct of a fellow-servant, no action therefor will lie against the master, unless the fellow-servant is not possessed of ordinary skill and capacity in the business entrusted to him, and, unless his employment is attributable to the want of ordinary care on the part of the master. But
In the case of Brothers vs. Cartter, (52 Mo., 372) the action was brought to recover damages for an injury received in falling from a bridge which the defendants were constructing, and which, it was alleged, happened in consequence of insufficient material furnished by defendants. They did not personally have charge of the work, and what they knew of its character and conditions was.from being about it occasionally during its progress. The duties of purchasing and collecting materials were committed to Graham, who was the superintendent. The court gave an instruction that, “if the jury find from the evidence that one John Graham was the superintendent for the defendants of the work on the bridge in question, and as such had entire control and charge thereof, with power to employ and discharge hands, and to provide and remove material, and that said Graham was the representative of defendants in the construction of said bridge, and that plaintiff was subject to his Orders and directions, then the jury are instructed that said Graham was not a fellow-servant with the plaintiff, and that his acts and conduct in connection with said bridge were and are the acts and couduct of defendants so far as this case is concerned.” This instruction was approved in this court, and it was distinctly declared that, if the master deputes the
And even if the master or superintendent engage in the same work with the laborer, still they are not fellow-servants, and the servants may recover for any injury caused by their negligence. (Ashworth vs. Slanwix, 3 El. & El., 701.) This doctrine is in entire harmony with the latest and best adjudged cases, and is approved by the standard elementary writers. In Shearman & Redfield on Negligence, (§102) the law is thus stated : ‘-One to whom his employer commits the entire charge of the business, with power to choose his own assistants, and to control and discharge them as freely and fully as the principal himself could, is not a fellow-servant with those employed under him ; and the master is answerable to all the under-servants for the negligence of such a managing assistant, either in his personal conduct within the scope of his employment, or in his selection of other servants.” ■Wharton states the doctrine with great emphasis, and says, that when the principals elect a superintendent to manage the concern, then the superintendent or middle-man represents the principal, and his negligence is the principal’s negligence. (Whart, Negl., § 222.) The doctrine applies alike to individuals and corporations. When an individual acts through an agent, the agent’s act is his own. As corporations can only act through agents and servants, it must necessarily follow that they are answerable for their acts, else they would be wholly irresponsible. The court clearly erred in
The judgment should be reversed, and the canse remanded.