135 A. 250 | Pa. | 1926
Argued October 4, 1926. We cannot acquiesce in the disposition by the court below of this and the two other cases which accompany it. Nonsuits were entered which the court in banc in an opinion by the trial judge refused to remove and in consequence plaintiff has appealed.
The plaintiff sued to recover damages for the death of her husband (in the other two actions for the death of her two minor children) killed in the collapse of a theatre building belonging to defendants, in which the decedents were witnessing a moving picture show. Recovery was denied on the ground that the negligence shown was that of an independent contractor.
In addition to owning the theatre building, defendants owned a piece of land alongside of it, on which they concluded to erect a building and for that purpose they entered into a contract in writing with J. D. Ritter for its construction. The specifications, which were made part of the contract, provided "The owner will take care of all sewerage, painting, wiring, plumbing and heating necessary for the completion of this building."
Ritter, the contractor, in proceeding with the work, dug a trench for the concrete foundation wall of the new building eighteen inches wide, parallel with and alongside the wall of the theatre building, extending for its entire length. The trench was excavated to a depth of about eighteen inches below the foundation wall of the theatre building. On or shortly before the date the theatre building collapsed, it had rained and the earth around the foundation wall was wet and soft. Concrete had been run into the ditch with the water still standing therein, and one of the defendants, on the day the building collapsed, had drained the water from the ditch. On that day the defendant Charlson *413 went upon the premises with six workmen to aid in the work that was going on; according to the testimony, he was in charge of the work on that day. Among other things, he caused a further excavation to be made for a sewer pipe (under the contract the owners had to provide the sewerage) leading from the theatre building and under its wall and into the lot where the new building was being erected and to the rear of that lot where connection was to be made with the sewer. In making this excavation, a hole was cut through the foundation wall of the theatre building apparently about eighteen inches in diameter and sufficient earth was removed from under the foundation wall to permit a workman to pass through back and forth. Shortly after the defendant Charlson and his workmen ceased their work and left the building, it collapsed.
The court below in its opinion refusing to take off the nonsuit held that the proximate cause of the collapse of the building was the negligence of Ritter, the contractor, in digging the trench and it is true that witnesses called by plaintiff had so testified as to make possible this conclusion, but plaintiff in the presentation of her case called witnesses, competent to express an opinion on the subject, by whom it was offered to be shown that the proximate cause of the collapse of the building was the work done by the defendant Charlson in connection with placing the sewer line under the wall of the theatre. The trial judge refused to receive this testimony, because "the plaintiff had already shown one proximate cause for which another than the defendants were responsible and to offer additional testimony with a view of showing a proximate cause for which the defendants were responsible would require the jury to guess as to the responsibility for the collapse of the building." To sustain its position, the court relied upon the cases of Bruggeman v. City of York,
It will be observed that we are not dealing with a situation where the entire construction of the building was in the hands of an independent contractor, but with one where the owners were required to do part of the work and were actually engaged in doing it but a short time before the building fell. If the testimony offered and rejected had established the acts of the owner as a contributing cause to the disaster, even though the contractor was also responsible, the plaintiff would have made out her case. In Burkett v. Van Tine,
It was error on the part of the trial judge not to hear the testimony offered by plaintiff and in entering the nonsuit; plaintiff's motion to take it off should have prevailed.
The fourth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth and fourteenth assignments are sustained, with a procedendo.