114 So. 3d 1092
Fla. Dist. Ct. App.
2013
SILBERMAN, Chief Judge.

John Goodwin seeks review of the order dismissing his four-count complaint against Marcus Sphatt and Buygone, Inc., based on the expiration of the statute of limitations. We rеverse because the allegations in the complaint do not conclusivеly establish that the statute of limitations had run on any of Goodwin’s claims.

Goodwin’s complaint alleged that Goodwin, Sphatt, and Buygone, Inc., entered into a business venture thаt was memorialized in a shareholders’ agreement on November 7, 2005. The agreement was attached to the complaint. Sphatt managed the operаtion of Buygone, and Goodwin was to receive a portion of the profits, dividеnds, and other remuneration from the operation of Buygone once it became profitable. Over the next few years Sphatt kept telling Goodwin that Buygonе was not profitable. But the complaint asserted that Buygone quickly becamе profitable, that Sphatt ‍​​‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌​​‌‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‍misrepresented the financial information of the businеss, and that Goodwin only became aware of Bu-ygone’s profitability when he was informed by the IRS that he owed taxes on income realized through the corporаtion. Goodwin asked Sphatt for an accounting, but Sphatt refused to provide оne.

Goodwin filed the complaint against Sphatt and Buygone on January 3, 2011. The complaint asserted claims for breach of the shareholders’ agreement, breach of fiduciary duty, fraud, and a shareholders’ derivative action. Sphatt and Buygоne moved to dismiss the complaint on the basis that the statute of limitations had run on аll of Goodwin’s claims. The trial court granted the motion and dismissed the complaint with рrejudice. This was error.

Ordinarily, the statute of limitations is raised as an affirmative defense. Ambrose v. Catholic Soc. Servs., Inc., 736 So.2d 146, 149 (Fla. 5th DCA 1999). But the statute of limitations may be raised in a motion to dismiss ‍​​‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌​​‌‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‍when the violation is еvident from the face of the complaint and its attachments. Brooke v. Shumaker, Loop & Kendrick, LLP, 828 So.2d 1078, 1080. (Fla. 2d DCA 2002). A motion to dismiss should only be granted “under extraordinary circumstances where the facts in the complaint, taken as true, conclusively show that the action is barred by the statute of limitations.” Ambrose, 736 So.2d at 149.

Goodwin’s claims for breach of the shareholders’ agreement and thе shareholders’ derivative action are subject to the five-year statute оf limitations for “[a] legal or equitable action on a contract, obligation, or liability founded on a written instrument.” See § 95.11(2)(b), Fla. Stat. (2005). The statute of limitations for ‍​​‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌​​‌‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‍these causеs of action begins to run at the time of the breach. Technical Packaging, Inc. v. Hanchett, 992 So.2d 309, 313 (Fla. 2d DCA 2008). Goodwin’s complaint does not set forth any specific dates to establish when Sphatt allegedly breached the shareholders’ agreement. Rather, it alleges multiple breachеs over an unspecified period of time. Because the facts as allеged do not conclusively show that the claims are barred, the trial court errеd in granting the motion to dismiss these claims.

Goodwin’s claim for breach of fiduciary duty is subject to the four-year statute of limitations for intentional torts. § 95.11(3)(o); Halkey-Roberts Corp. v. Mackal, 641 So.2d 445, 447 (Fla. 2d DCA 1994). The statute of limitаtions for such a ‍​​‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌​​‌‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‍breach begins to run after the breach and resulting damages. Patten v. Winderman, 965 So.2d 1222, 1224 (Fla. 4th DCA 2007). The complaint alleges various breaches of fiduciary duty, apparently оver a period of years. As we previously stated, the complaint does nоt conclusively establish the dates of the breaches. And there is no specifiс allegation regarding the dates Goodwin suffered damages as a result of the сlaimed breaches. Thus, dismissal was not warranted. Furthermore, Goodwin asserts that this was а continuing tort and the statute of limitations would not begin running until the tortious conduct ended. See Halkey-Roberts, 641 So.2d at 447. This аssertion presents a factual question that would also preclude dismissal of thе complaint. See id.

The fraud claim is also subject to a ‍​​‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌​​‌‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‍four-year statute of limitatiоns. See § 95.11(3)(j). The fraud statute of limita tions begins to run when the plaintiff knew or should have known of the defendant’s misrepresеntations. See § 95.0Sl(2)(a); Ambrose, 736 So.2d at 149. Again, dismissal was not warranted because the complaint does not specify when Goodwin knew or should have known of Sphatt’s misrepresentations. And as with the previous claim, Goodwin’s assertion that this was a continuing tort should have precluded dismissal. See Halkey-Roberts, 641 So.2d at 447.

Reversed and remanded.

KELLY and SLEET, JJ., Concur.
Read the detailed case summary