643 So. 2d 1382 | Ala. Civ. App. | 1994
Lead Opinion
On November 5,1991, Lori Ann Gooch and Richard Darryl Gooch were divorced by the Colbert County Circuit Court. The judgment of divorce ratified and incorporated an
In May 1992, the mother left the minor children with the father while she attended school in Nashville, Tennessee. The mother and the father agreed that, while the father had custody of the minor children, he would not pay child support and that, if he retained custody of the children for the entire year of the mother’s schooling, then she would forgive his child support arrearage. On July 7, 1992, the State filed a petition to have the father held in contempt of court because of an arrearage in his child support obligation. On October 23, 1992, the State dismissed its petition because the mother had moved out of the State of Alabama. In November 1992, the mother returned to Alabama and removed the minor children from the father’s custody and took them to live with her in Tennessee. On December 22, 1992, the father filed a petition for custody of the minor children, alleging that the mother had abandoned the minor children from May 1992 until November 1992 and that the mother was cohabiting with her boyfriend. The father further alleged that the mother was not properly feeding, clothing, or caring for the minor children and that the parties’ daughter had reported that the mother’s boyfriend had sexually abused her. The mother answered and counterclaimed, requesting the trial court to hold the father in contempt of court for failing to pay child support.
The mother’s petition to have the father held in contempt of court and the father’s petition for custody were set for hearing on February 25, 1993. That same day, the parties informed the trial court that they had reached a temporary agreement regarding the father’s visitation with the children and regarding his child support obligation. The trial court entered an order ratifying the temporary agreement and continued the cause for a final hearing on the father’s petition for custody. The final hearing on the father’s petition for custody was eventually held on July 2, 1993, at which time the minor children were in the father’s custody for summer visitation.
Following an ore tenus proceeding, the trial court entered a judgment awarding custody of the minor children to the father for so long as he resides with his parents. The mother was awarded reasonable visitation rights, with all visitation to occur in Alabama. The mother filed a motion for a new trial, which was denied.
The mother raises numerous issues on appeal, some repetitive, regarding the applicable law, disputed facts, and undisputed facts.
It is well established that the judgment of the trial court as to child custody following an ore tenus proceeding is presumed correct and will not be disturbed on appeal unless it is unsupported by the evidence so as to be plainly and palpably wrong or an abuse of discretion. Powell v. Boyd, 601 So.2d 1039 (Ala.Civ.App.1992). Under the ore tenus rule, a presumption of correctness accompanies the trial court’s judgment when, after hearing disputed testimony, it has made findings of facts. Highway Dept. v. Stuckey’s/DQ of Grand Bay, 613 So.2d 333 (Ala.1993); Ex parte P.G.B., 600 So.2d 259 (Ala.1992).
The mother argues that the trial court failed to use the proper standard in the custody modification, because the trial court stated: “[I]t will be in the best interest and welfare of the minor children, ... that they be in the permanent care, custody, and control of [the father],...” We agree with the mother that the father had the stricter burden of proof as set out in Ex parte McLendon, 455 So.2d 863 (Ala.1984).
In its judgment awarding custody of the minor children to the father, the trial court found, based on the testimony and the other evidence before it, that it was in the minor children’s best interests and welfare for them to remain in their father’s custody. The trial court also found “that the mother has not properly cared for the [minor] children in that it appears to the Court from the photographs that she has been living with the
The record evidence supports the trial court’s findings of facts in this case. We find those facts to sufficiently support a change of custody under the McLendon standard.
The mother also contends that the trial court erred in placing certain restrictions on her visitation rights. Each case involving a noncustodial parent and his or her visitation rights requires an examination of the facts and circumstances of the individual situation. Andrews v. Andrews, 520 So.2d 512 (Ala.Civ.App.1987). Clearly, the trial court was considering the best interests and welfare of these minor children by restricting the mother’s visitation with the children to the State of Alabama, considering that the alleged abuse of one of the minor children occurred in Tennessee. After reviewing the record and the circumstances of this ease, we cannot hold that the trial court abused it discretion by restricting the mother’s visitation with the children to the State of Alabama.
Finally, the mother has failed to show that the trial court abused its discretion by denying her motion for a new trial. Franklin v. Cannon, 565 So.2d 119 (Ala.1990).
The judgment of the trial court is due to be affirmed.
The wife’s request for an attorney fee on appeal is denied.
AFFIRMED.
THIGPEN, J., dissents.
. We note that the children were already living with the father when the change in custody was ordered and have continued to live with the father since.
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting.
I do not agree that this case should be affirmed; therefore, I must respectfully dissent. It appears to me that the dispositive issue concerns the standard of review utilized by the trial court in the custody determination. The trial court failed to apply the proper standard espoused by our Supreme Court in Ex parte McLendon, 455 So.2d 863 (Ala.1984). The trial court’s order recited the “best interests” standard, which is an inappropriate standard for the facts of this case. Neither the order, nor the record, suggest that the correct standard was utilized. That failure constitutes reversible error. Clayton v. Clayton, 598 So.2d 929 (Ala. Civ.App.1992). It is my opinion that, consistent with prior opinions, this case must be reversed and the cause remanded for the trial court to reconsider the evidence utilizing the appropriate standard. Poe v. Capps, 599 So.2d 623 (Ala.Civ.App.1992); Clayton, supra. See also Judge Thigpen’s concurring in part and dissenting in part opinion in Perkins v. Perkins, [Ms. AV92000120, December 17,1993] 1993 WL 521201 (Ala. Civ.App.1993) (listing some recent cases wherein the trial court was instructed to reconsider utilizing the appropriate standard). The father is required to meet the burden imposed by the Supreme Court in McLendon, supra. Whitfield v. Whitfield, 570 So.2d 700 (Ala.Civ.App. 1990).
The majority opinion factually states that the mother “voluntarily relinquished” custody. Neither party contends that the mother relinquished custody, nor does the record support such a conclusion. Even if there had been allegations or proof offered that the mother had relinquished legal custody, the father, as petitioner, had the McLendon burden. After thoroughly reviewing the record,
At most, the record indicates that the mother allowed the father to retain physical custody of the children following a period of visitation with him. That appears to be a temporary arrangement, because the mother wanted to attend school and was suffering serious financial problems — due in part to the father’s admitted failure to pay her the court-ordered child support. The appellate courts have encouraged parents to work out informal custodial arrangements during necessitous times, and have, in fact, consistently refused to punish parents who act inconsistently with custody orders when such action is in the child’s best interests. See Ex parte Couch, 521 So.2d 987 (Ala.1988); Ashbee v. Cozart, 611 So.2d 1103 (Ala.Civ.App. 1992); Garrison v. Garrison, 557 So.2d 1277 (Ala.Civ.App.1990); and Curl v. Curl, 526 So.2d 26 (Ala.Civ.App.1988). While this record discloses that neither parent is a model parent, there is simply insufficient evidence to change custody from one parent to the other utilizing the appropriate standard. See Whitfield, supra; Crane v. Crane, 563 So.2d 615 (Ala.Civ.App.1990).
Although not controlling in my decision to reverse, I note that the mother challenges a factual finding of the trial court that the father “is gainfully employed.” The undisputed testimony of the father is that he draws unemployment compensation benefits, he voluntarily helps in his mother’s business for no compensation, and he is actively seeking gainful employment. Our Supreme Court held that when “facts are undisputed, the ore tenus rule has no application.” Ex parte Anonymous, 618 So.2d 722, 725 (Ala. 1993). Therefore, the majority’s reliance on the ore tenus rule on that issue seems misplaced. It is my opinion that the trial court erred in expressly finding the father “is gainfully employed” when the only evidence presented regarding his employment status is contrary to that finding.
Because I would continue to follow the established legal precedent regarding custody wherein “the appellate courts of this state have, with substantial consistency, remanded custody cases for the trial court to reconsider, or to take additional evidence, utilizing the proper standard as enunciated by the appellate tribunal,” I would reverse. Perkins at *3. 'Therefore, I must respectfully dissent.