67 Wash. 264 | Wash. | 1912
This is an appeal from a judgment of dismissal, entered after demurrer to the complaint had been sustained and after the plaintiff had refused to plead further. The complaint is of too great length to be set forth in full. In substance and effect, it alleges, that the appellant and the Luneta Cafe are corporations; that the respondent is a stockholder in the latter corporation; that he subscribed for its capital stock in an amount “in excess of $20,000, which was not paid;” that he was the promoter and originator of the enterprise and the only person who has put any money into the corporation, and that “the same was virtually his own business;” that in November, 1910, the cafe, acting
The single question presented by the appeal is, does the alleged promise of respondent fall within the statute of frauds. The code, Rem. & Bah, § 5289, provides, so far as pertinent to this question, that “every special promise to answer for the debt, default, or misdoing of another person,” shall be void unless the contract or promise is in writing. Viewing the complaint as an entirety, without selecting particular words or phrases and giving them undue weight, prominence, or emphasis, we are of the opinion that the alleged promise offends the statute. The most favorable view that can be taken of the complaint is that the respondent represented that he. was the largest stockholder in the corporation and the only one who had put money into it; that he was solicitous for its welfare and success; that for political reasons he desired to conceal his connection with it; that he was not one of its officers; that the first sale was made to it “through its officers;” that if the appellant would forego its demand for immediate payment of the first sale and delivery of goods, and would continue to sell and deliver goods to it, he would “pay,” “become responsible for,” and “indemnify and hold harmless” the appellant “from any loss on account of its extension of credit for goods sold and to be sold ... to the said Luneta Cafe.”
The true import and meaning of the complaint as an entirety, when stripped of its verbiage and simplified, is that the respondent induced the appellant to forego its demand upon the cafe for immediate payment of the first account and to extend it further credit upon his promise to indemnify it against loss. This is clearly a promise to answer for the debt of another. If I say to a coal dealer,“Deliver a load of coal to my neighbor A and I will pay for it,” the debt is mine and the promise is not within the statute; but if I say to him, deliver the coal and “I will pay for it if he does not,”
Nor does the fact that the respondent was a stockholder in the corporation change the rule. The corporation is in law a separate and distinct entity. 10 Cyc. 650. But counsel says: “Whether the promise is original or collateral is generally a question for the jury under proper instructions of the court.” This statement of the law would be correct if the one party asserted facts showing a direct promise to pay for goods to be delivered to another upon the credit of the promisor, and the latter asserted the fact to be that the sale had been made upon the credit of the party receiving the goods and that he had only promised to pay upon the default of the purchaser. The rule has no broader application. When the facts are admitted, the construction is one of law for the court.
If it be a fact that the respondent promised to pay the $1,800 item if the appellant would leave the goods with the cafe and extend the time of payment of that account, and further promised to pay for such goods as the appellant might thereafter deliver to the cafe, and that it did extend the time of payment and made future deliveries to the cafe upon the credit of the respondent, the facts should have been pleaded in a plain and concise way. The circuitous method
The judgment is affirmed.
Dunbar, C. J., Chadwick, Parker, and Crow, JJ., concur.