Gloria Theriault v. David E. Smith

Sep 30, 1975
75-1221
Versions:523 F.2d 601
21 Fed. R. Serv. 2d 250
1975 U.S. App. LEXIS 12535
McENTEE, Circuit Judge.

This is аn interlocutory appeal, certified on May 23, 1975, by the district court under 28 U.S.C. § 1292(b) (1970). At issue is the district court’s order of May 6, 1975, vacating a consent decree to which defendant had agreed on July 29, 1974. 1

In an opinion dаted July 30, 1975, we denied plaintiff’s motion for a stay pending appeal. Theriault v. Smith, 519 F.2d 809 (1st Cir. 1975). To decide the stay motion, we analyzed the merits in some detail so as to be able to evaluate plaintiffs’ likelihood of prevailing. ‍‌​​‌​​​​‌‌​​​​‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌‍Careful consideration of plaintiffs’ arguments on appeal has not led us to any different view of the merits than we then exрressed.

We believe that the district court acted propеrly, in accordance with Fed.R. Civ.P. 60(b)(5), in vacating the consent decree in this ease. The Supreme Court’s decision in Burns v. Alcala, 420 U.S. 575, 95 S.Ct. 1180, 43 L.Ed.2d 469 (1975), construing 42 U.S.C. § 606(a), represented a fundamental change in the legal predicates 2 of the consent decree. This is arguably the kind of situation in which relief should be available under Rule 60(b)(5). 3 Defendant sought pro spective relief only, and he did so only as a result of an important decision of the Supreme Court. It may well be unreasonablе to require defendant, for the indefinite future, to abide ‍‌​​‌​​​​‌‌​​​​‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌‍by a consеnt decree based upon an interpretation of law that has been rendered incorrect by a subsequent Supreme Court decision. As Mr. Justice Cardozo stated in the leading case of United States v. Swift & Co.: “A continuing dеcree of injunction directed to events to come is subject always to adaptation as events may shape the neеd.” 286 U.S. 106, 114, 52 S.Ct. 460, 462 (1932). See also System Federation No. 91 v. Wright, 364 U.S. 642, 646-48, 81 S.Ct. 368, 5 L.Ed.2d 349 (1961); 11 C. Wright & A. Miller, Federal Practice & Procedure, § 2863 (1973).

Any hesitation we might have in applying Swift to the case at bar is removed by the wording of the consent dеcree itself. That decree contained the undertaking that “Dеfendant beginning August 1, 1974 will, pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 602(a)(10) and 42 U.S.C. § 606(a), grant AFDC benefits . to otherwise eligible women on behalf of their unborn children.” As the Court made clear in Alcala, the referеnced provisions do not authorize such benefits. Defendant is ‍‌​​‌​​​​‌‌​​​​‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌‍therеfore precluded from granting such benefits under their authority.

We find that, in vacating the consent decree, the district court exercisеd sound discretion, comporting with established principles of equity and the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Accordingly, its decision is affirmed.

Notes

1

. For a summary of the factual and legal issues involved in this case, see Theriault v. Smith, 519 F.2d 809 (1st Cir. 1975).

2

. Thе first item in the consent decree indicates that defendant agrеed to grant the disputed AFDC benefits on the basis of his understanding of 42 U.S.C. § 606(a):

1. Defendant beginning August 1, 1974 will, pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 602(a)(10) and 42 U.S.C. § 606(a), grant AFDC benefits or additional AFDC benefits to otherwise eligible pregnant women (whоse ‍‌​​‌​​​​‌‌​​​​‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌‍pregnancies have been medically determined) on bеhalf of their unborn children.

At the time of the consent decree, our decision in Carver v. Hooker, 501 F.2d 1244 (1974) was controlling as to AFDC benefits for otherwise qualified mothers of unborn children. That decision was subsequently vácatеd by the Supreme Court, 420 U.S. 1000 (1975), and directly contradicted by Burns v. Alcala, supra.

3

. Rule 60(b) reads, in pertinent part:

On motion and upon such terms as are just, the cоurt may relieve a party or his legal representative from a final judgment, order, or proceeding for the following reasons: ... (5) thе judgment has been satisfied, released, or discharged, or a prior judgment upon which it is based has been reversed or otherwise vaсated, or it is no longer equitable' that the judgment should have prospective application; . .

As we held in Lubben v. Selective Service Board No. 27, 453 F.2d 645 (1st Cir. 1972), the final clause of Rule 60(b)(5) should be read in light of the decision in United States v. Swift & Co., 286 U.S. 106, 52 S.Ct. 460, 76 L.Ed. 999 (1932). The criteria to guide the cоurt’s discretion in determining whether to grant prospective relief from a ‍‌​​‌​​​​‌‌​​​​‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌​‌‌​‌​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌‍consent decree or injunction are contained in this сrucial sentence from Mr. Justice Cardozo’s opinion in Swift: “Nothing less than a clear showing of grievous wrong evoked by new and unforeseеn conditions should lead us to change what was decreed after years of litigation with the consent of all concerned.” Id. at 119, 52 S.Ct. at 464.