14 La. Ann. 560 | La. | 1859
Lead Opinion
The sale of tbe 17th October, 1857, under which plaintiff claims, appears to be a simulation, as decided by the District Judge.
It professes to have been made for the consideration or price of $18,500 cash in hand, paid by the purchaser to the seller.
Now, it is proved and admitted that no money whatever was paid.
An obligation with a false cause or consideration can have no effect. C. C. 1887.
But Article 1894 says, that if the cause or consideration expressed in the contract does not exist, yet the contract is good, if the party can show the existence of a true and sufficient consideration.
What is the consideration that the party has shown in this instance ?
The assumption of a debt to Alexander Bonneval, secured by mortgage on tbe property mentioned in the sale under consideration, and other property, to-wit: a
The evidence shows that all this property was thus conveyed in trust for the payment of the indebtedness of Ducayet thus assigned, and with the understanding that it was to be reconvcyed when the debt should bo extinguished.
The contract was therefore under the consideration proven not a sale, but (granting that it was followed by delivery,) a pledge.
It was a simulated sale, that is to say, it had the appearance, but not the reality of a sale. And the defendants, as was said in Erwin v. The Bank of Kentucky, 5 An. p. 4, have a clear right to maintain their seizure, by showing that simulation. Considered as a pledge of the property, the plaintiff had no right to enjoin its sale under the executions of the defendants. He should, in strictness, have proceeded by way of third opposition, to claim a priority upon its proceeds. But it is not necessary to put the plaintiff out of court upon this technical ground, for we have'evidence in the record that enables us to dispose of his claim, considered as a third opposition of a pledgee. The evidence shows that the liabilities, to secure which the pledge was given, have been extinguished, or at least that they ought to be, funds having- been realised from sales of the pledged property, made by plaintiff, sufficient in amount to cover, and more than cover those liabilities.
1. Plaintiff sold to James Arthur Blanc, on the 27th January, 1858, a portion of the Bayou St. John property, for. $8,461 25
2. He sold to J. L. Tissot, on the 29th April, 1858, the remainder of the said property, for. 6,000 00
3. He sold to Charles M. Simpson, on the 6th February, 1858, the tract of land in Jackson Co. Miss., (Pascagoula,) for. 11,000 00
Total.$25,461 25
The Bonneval debt, assigned to plaintiff, we have seen, was. 17,436 93
Excess, after satisfying plaintiff,. $8,024 32
It is said by the witness Simms, that plaintiff had endorsed for Ducayet, to the extent of $8000. It is not shown that plaintiff has paid any of those endorsements ; on the contrary, it is proved by Hepp, that he refused to pay one of them, $4000, on the plea of usury. But even had plaintiff paid those endorsements, they were no part of the consideration of this sale or pledge, and consequently confer no privilege upon the pledged property. Indeed, the amount of that pledge could not, legally, exceed the amount mentioned in the Act, viz : $18,500. Lastly, supposing the endorsements paid, and they were covered by the pledge, plaintiff has sold for enough to reimburse himself in full. Plaintiff is therefore without any claim, either legal or equitable, upon the six slaves seized under the executions of the defendants.
As to the possession of plaintiff under the bond, said to have beeu given in Mississippi for the forthcoming of some slaves, it is irrelevant to this case. In the first place, neither in his petition against Me Hatton, nor in that against Roma-
In the next place, there is no such bond, nor the record of any Mississippi suit in evidence, and the witness, Blocker, who testifies that there was such a suit and and such a bond, does not tell us the names of the negroes who were claimed by the present plaintiff in that suit. He says, “ Mr. Gleises afterwards gave bond for four of the slaves. Five slaves bail been seized, but only four were claimed by Gleises. Moses was left over there in Mississippi, and was not claimed by Gleises.”
This testimony was taken, like all the rest, in the two injunction suits, which were tried together. Now, in that against Mcl-Iatlon, it is alleged that two slaves named Sam and Octave, had been seized by defendant; and in that against Ro-mag-osa, it is alleged that defendant had caused to be seized four slaves, named Webb, Charles, Silas and Alfred; all of whom, being six in number, are claimed by plaintiff, by virtue of the conveyance from Ducayet, of the 17th October, 1857. There is nothing in the record to show, which of these negroes named, are the negroes bonded by Gleises in Mississippi. It is, therefore, needless to enquire what kind of title or right to the negroes, the Mississippi forthcoming bond may have vested in plaintiff, inasmuch as there is neither allegation nor proof, to support any claim upon that ground.
The judgment of the District Court is therefore affirmed, with costs.
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting. The defendants, judgment creditors of Felix Ducayet, having caused certain slaves to be seized as his property, under executions issued on their judgments, the plaintiff en joined the sales on the ground that he was the legal owner and in possession at the time of the seizure.
The answers of defendants deny the ownership of plaintiff, and aver that his title is a simulation, accepted by him for the purpose of defeating the just pursuits of the creditors of Ducayet, and that his possession was for the same purpose, and commenced only on the day preceding the seizure under the executions.
The questions presented by the pleadings, and the one decided by the court below, is whether the title, under which plaintiff claims the slaves, is a simulation.
The facts on which the District Judge rendered judgment in favor of defendants, are thus stated by him :
“ Plaintiff claims certain slaves seized by the Sheriff of tlie parish under executions issuing in favor of defendants against F. Ducayet, which were about being sold to satisfy said executions when plaintiff enjoined the sale. The plaintiff claims under an act of sale from Ducayet and wife, of the date of 17th October, 1857, and the consideration of the sale is stated in said act to bo $18,500. Defendants aver this act of sale is simulated. The evidence shows that Ducayet being largely in debt to Bonneval, Schreiber <6 Co., mortgaged to them certain property situated on the Bayou St John, and seven slaves, (part of whom are the subject-matter of this suit,) and executed a deed of trust on certain property in Jackson County, Miss., to secure the said indebtedness. By an agreement between plaintiff and Bonneval, plaintiff assumed Bonneval’s position towards Duca-yet. Bonneval transferring to plaintiff all his securities, and plaintiff executing his obligations in favor of Bonneval for the amount of Ducayet's debts to Bonne-val, so that Ducayet became the debtor of plaintiff to this amount. Plaintiff had also endorsed notes for Ducayet to the amount of $8000, and in order to secure plaintiff on account of those two indebtedness, Ducayet made the sale of the ne-groes seized and the Jackson County property. The witness, Simms, speaks of this sale as a security and not as a veritable sale.”
The consideration of the contract between plaintiff and Ducayet, which they put into the form of a contract of sale, was, first, an indebtedness of Ducayet to Gleises, and secondly, the liability of Gleises as the accommodation endorser of Ducayet.
The District Judge came to the conclusion upon the evidence that there was a real contract between the parties, — but that as the real contract was one of mortgage or suretyship, that the apparent contract of sale was therefore a simulation.
To form a real contract of sale, it is not essential that the consideration should be paid in money, — the indebtment of the vendor to the vendee, will constitute, in the sale of a slave, a legal and sufficient consideration. Weld v. Peters, 1 An. p. 432. In that case, the consideration of the sale was very similar to the consideration shown by the evidence in this case. Iu the case cited, the vendee had possession of the slave from the date of the sale, and the court held that the conveyance to him could not be treated by a judgment creditor of the vendor as null, and that a direct action was necessary to avoid the contract.
In the case before the court, the possession of the jfiaintiff, under his act of sale, commenced only a day or two prior to the seizures of defendants, and then in consequence of the pursuit of Ducayet’s creditors in the State of Mississippi.
The plaintiff, however, brings himself within the well settled rule which requires creditors to institute the revocatory action to set aside contracts having a real existence, but which have been made in fraud of their rights, — he has a title absolute on its face, translative of property, was in possession at the time of the seizure, and has shown that his title was based upon considerations which passed between Ducayet and himself.
Whilst the evidence shows that the conveyance to the plaintiff was in fraud of Ducayet’s creditors, it also shows a real contract between the parties in the form of a sale, and possession by the plaintiff. Under these circumstances the law requires the creditors to resort to the revocatory action. Kirkland v. New Orleans Gas Light Co., 1 An. 299. Weld v. Peters, ib. 432. 2 An. 913
It is, therefore, my opinion, that the judgment should bo reversed.