Gilmore v. State, 141 Ala. 51

Gilmore v. State

141 Ala. 51 | Ala. | 1904

DOWDELL, J.

The appellant was indicted and tried for murder,-and was convicted of manslaughter in the first degree. On the trial the evidence by the State, and which was undisputed, showed that the defendant went into- the back room of a store, where the deceased was at the time with several other persons, and that as *53the.defendant entered tlie room, the deceased asked one of the other parties whether he had heard’ about the defendant, Gilmore, stealing things from the Centreville Hardware Company, to- which the person addressed replied, “No.” The deceased then said, “well he did it.” Thereupon the defendant said to- the deceased, “You are a d-n liar.” The deceased then said to- the defendant, “Yon don’t mean to caíl me a d-n liar, do you,” and the defendant said, “Yes, yon are a d-n liar,” whereupon the deceased, who was sitting on a barrel, stai-ted to get up, and while in the act o-f getting up, and at the time facing the defendant, and as one of the witnesses testified, “reaching for defendant’s throat,” the fatal shot was fired.

The defendant offered no evidence, except that he offered to show previous threats made by the deceased, which on the objection of the State the court refused to allow, and to this ruling the defendant excepted .

In Rutledge v. State, 88 Ala. 89, the rule as to- the admission of evidence going to show previous threats by the deceased, in trials for murder, was stated as follows: “That when any phase of the testimony would, if believed, present a case of self-defense, then the accused, using this aspect of the facts adduced as a predicate therefor, may go- further, and strengthen it, by showing that the deceased had threatened him, or entertained ill feeling toward him, or that there had been difficulties between them; and a like doctrine obtains with respect to evidence of the violent character of the slain. Or to state the principle in a more concrete form, .the evidence adduced must have some tendency to establish the constituents of the right to destroy life that life may be preserved — which are, that the accused was without fault in bringing on the fatal rencounter; that he was in imminent peril, real or reasonably apparent, of loss of life or limbs; and that he could net, as the matter presented itself to him, retreat or avoid the combat with safety to himself — before any state of facts exist in the case upon which testimony of character, threats, ill feeling, etc., of the deceased, could shed any light. The theory of the rule is, that a *54right to kill can never be the result of the violent, bloodthirsty disposition, until there are facts offered which go in some measure to* establish the necessity to strike as the law defines that necessity, such evidence is patently irrelevant. These matters, in other words, are competent to give character to a necessity otherwise shown; and no such necessity being otherwise shown, there is an utter absence of the predicate upon which alone such qualifying evidence should be received.” This doctrine was followed in the case of Gafford v. State, 122 Ala. 54, as well as in other cases.

On the undisputed evidence in the case before us, the defendant was not free from fault in bringing on the fatal rencounter. When he said to the deceased “You are a d-n liar,” thus opposing insult to insult, which the law condemns rather than justifies, and the natural tendency of Avhich was to bring on a difficulty, in the eye of the law, he was not free from fault, and this being the case, the plea of self-defense would not avail to excuse the killing. There being then no phase of the testimony upon which to* predicate self-defense, under the authorities above cited, any . evidence of previous threats made by the deceased against the defendant was irrelevant and inadmissible. The action of the trial court, therefore, in excluding evidence of threats was free from error.

On the evidence the jury might have found the defendant guilty of murder, and, therefore, the charge requested by the defendant was properly refused. The evidence being without dispute, ' the written charge given at the request of the solicitor, that if the jury “believe the evidence beyond all reasonable doubt you cannot acquit the defendant,” was free from error. We find no error in the record, and the judgment must be affirmed.

Affirmed.