141 Va. 445 | Va. | 1925
delivered the opinion of the court.
Jackson Gills, the accused, was indicted for feloniously and maliciously cutting, stabbing and wounding W. P. Pugh, with intent to maim, disfigure, disable and kill him. The jury convicted him of unlawful cutting with the intent stated and fixed his punishment at twelve months in the penitentiary. This writ of .error
On December 25, 1923, W. P. Pugh, a deputy sheriff of Campbell county, undertook to arrest the accused for being drunk and disorderly. Gills struck at and brushed Pugh’s face, with his fist. Pugh knocked Gills down and jumped on him and they rolled down an embankment together, where they were pulled apart. Upon rising, Pugh found blood running down his side and went at once to a physician. He had been stabbed twice in the left side of his chest underneath his left arm, but the flesh wound was slight. There were several cuts in his overcoat, one slit being two inches long. Pugh’s pistol, which was strapped beneath his left arm, showed three fresh scratches, or scars, and he felt several blows on his left side as he and Jackson Gills rolled down the embankment together.
Though drunk when arrested, Gills recognized deputy Pugh and called him by name. Just before Pugh arrived a pocket knife was seen in Jackson Gills’ hand.
Accused testified that he went into the country and drank wine and some whiskey which made him crazy drunk; that he did not know he had any trouble with deputy Pugh and had nothing against him. Two witnesses for the defendant also testified that the accused was crazy drunk at twilight, just before the difficulty occurred.
The accused contends that the court erred: (1) In permitting the Commonwealth’s attorney to read to the jury, in his closing argument, the note to section 4393 of the Code; (2) in giving a verbal instruction to the jury, and (3) in refusing to set aside the verdict of the jury and grant him a new trial.
First Assignment.—The note read by the prosecuting attorney was in these words: “Voluntary immediate
This is a correct statement of the law in a murder case and it was not error to give it as an instruction in the instant case. Whether the accused was guilty of malicious cutting with intent to kill, etc., depended upon whether if the accused had killed the officer he would have been guilty of murder either in the first or second degree. Read v. Commonwealth, 22 Gratt. (63 Va.) 937.
If it be conceded that it was error to permit the reading of this statement of the law to the jury,, with the understanding that it would be copied by the Commonwealth’s attorney at the conclusion of his argument and given to them in writing, the error was rendered harmless when the judge of the trial court later instructed the jury that they could not, under the evidence in the case, convict the accused of malicious cutting.
Second Assignment.—The verbal instruction given by the court was as follows: “The jury, under the evidence in the case, cannot convict the accused of malicious cutting, but either of unlawful cutting, and in their discretion fix his punishment at not less than one nor more than five year's in the penitentiary, or confine him in jail not exceeding twelve months and fine him not exceeding five hundred dollars, or of assault and battery, the punishment for which is not less than five nor more than five hundred dollars and imprisonment in jail not more than six months, either or both.”
No other instructions were asked or given in the case.
The instruction states correctly the punishment for unlawful cutting with intent to Mil and for misdemeanor. But, in the form in which it was given, and in the absence of an instruction on reasonable doubt, it may have tended to mislead the jury.
Third Assignment.—This assignment is based upon the refusal of the court to set aside the verdict and grant a new trial.
The evidence shows conclusively that Pugh was cut with a pocket knife while he and the accused were rolling down the embankment together. The accused was the only person who was in a position to do the stabbing at the time it was done, the only one who was seen with a knife, and the only one who had any reason to cut the officer. The accused does not deny that he cut Pugh but simply says he has no recollection of any difficulty with him.
In legal contemplation a pocket knife, which may produce death, is a deadly weapon. And where one man wounds another with a deadly weapon the law, in absence of evidence to the contrary, imputes á malicious intent to the act. 17 Am. and English Ency. L. (2nd Ed.), 413, and cases cited.
Under the decision of the court in the Bead Case, supra, whether the accused is guilty of unlawful cutting with intent to MU, etc., depends upon whether if he had Mlled Pugh the offense would have been manslaughter. Manslaughter may be defined as the unlawful Mlling of another without malice, express or implied. Davis’ Criminal Law, 83. The accused struck the first blow which started the combat. The
The accused testified that he voluntarily drank the whiskey and wine which made him drunk. Voluntary drunkenness, where it has not produced permanent insanity, is never an excuse for crime; except, where a party is charged with murder, if it appear that the accused was too drunk to be capable of deliberating and premeditating, then he can be convicted only of murder in the second degree. If a man voluntarily makes himself drunk he must take the consequences of Ms voluntary act, while drunk, otherwise many crimes would go unpunished.
As said by Lord Hale, when speaking of voluntary drunkenness: “This vice doth deprive a man of Ms reason and puts many men into a perfect frenzy; but by the laws of England such a person shall have no privileges by his voluntary contracted madness, but shall have the same judgment as if he were in his right senses.” With the qualification above stated, the law is the same in this jurisdiction.
In the ease of Boswell v. Commonwealth, 20 Gratt. (61 Va.) 871, the court approves the following statement of the law from the Tennessee court: “As between the two offenses of murder in the second degree and manslaughter, the drunkenness of the offender can form no legitimate matter of inquiry; the Irilling being voluntary, the offense is necessarily murder in the second degree, unless the provocation were of such a character as would at common law constitute it manslaughter, and for which latter offense a drunken man is equally responsible as a sober one.”
Under the evidence and the law applicable to the instant case, the jury could not have properly rendered a verdict convicting the accused of any lesser offense than that of which he was convicted.
In such circumstances the instructions given are immaterial and the possible error pointed out in the oral instruction was harmless.
The judgment will be affirmed.
Affirmed.