187 Tenn. 592 | Tenn. | 1948
delivered the opinion of the Court.
Gilliland was indicted, tried and convicted for robbery, with a maximum punishment fixed at a period of ten years in the penitentiary. He has appealed and assigns only one error, i. e., that venue was not proven.
The plaintiff in error along with another were jointly indicted and convicted for tailing the taxicab and approximately $200.00 in cash from the prosecutor. Ralph Gilliland, the other defendant, did not appeal.
The prosecutor was not familiar with the location of the robbery, i. e., in what county it took place. He testified though as to the road or roads over which-he drove to the point of robbery, pointing out certain land marks (creeks, churches, etc.) and from this description the clerk of the Criminal Court who heard this testimony fixed the point of robbery in Greene County, Tennessee. This clerk had lived in this neighborhood for approximately thirty years and had also been a mail carrier over this road.
The method employed by the State in tying the location together. so as to establish the locus in quo in Greene County was rather unique. The method employed is analogous to the method used in propounding hypothetical questions to expert witnesses, except that in the present case the expert on the question of venue was permitted to hear the witness testify instead of having propounded to him a hypothetical question.
Venue is jurisdictional and may be established by the preponderance of the evidence (not beyond a reasonable doubt). Norris v. State, 127 Tenn. 437, 438, 155 S. W. 165. Venue, like any other fact, may be proven by circumstantial evidence. Ford v. State, 184 Tenn. 443, 201 S. W. (2d) 539. In proving venue it frequently becomes necessary to add together the evidence of two or more witnesses for obvious reasons. The authorities generally recognize this as a proper and necessary means of establishing this jurisdictional fact. See 23 C. J. S., Criminal Law, Sec. 914, page 169.
The judgment below should be corrected so as to sentence the plaintiff in error to undergo confinement for not less than five nor more than ten years. With this correction the judgment must be affirmed.