The only question presented for our consideration in this case is, whether an overpayment, voluntarily made, through the mistake or negligence of the party making the same, and not induced by the fraud of the party receiving it, can be recovered back without a previous notice and demand.
We regard the case of Bishop v. Brown, 51 Vt. 330, decisive of the question. It is there said : “ If the mistake was induced by the fraud of the party receiving the same, and he had knowledge of the overpayment at the time, or if he had subsequently discovered the mistake, the duty was then cast upon him to rectify the mistake and repay the money. Thereafter he knowingly has the money of the other party to the transaction in his. hands, which he holds against equity and good conscience, and there is no apparent reason for any demand for the repayment of the money before suit. ■ But where the overpayment arises from the mistake or negligence of the party making it, and without the fault or knowledge of the party receiving it, it is reasonable that the party so receiving the overpayment should not be subject to a suit until he has been notified of the overpayment and called upon, and had a reasonable opportunity to rectify the mistake.”
That the payment was expressed to be “ on account,” and not in final settlement, can make no difference with the rights of the parties, but serves only as evidence of the mistake or negligence of the party making the overpayment, in supposing that he was only paying on account, when in reality he was paying a larger sum than the whole amount actually due. Nor can it affect their rights that the amount of such payment was, at the time of suit brought, unascertained. No formal demand or of any specific sum is necessary. “ Whatever language gives him (the defendant) notice of the overpayment, and calls upon him to rectify the mistake, is sufficient.” “ The money all the time is the property of the party making the overpayment, but having come into the possession of the other party without his fault or knowledge, he is entitled to be notified of the fact that he has the money in his possession, and to be called upon to rectify the mistake, before he is subject to a suit for the recovery.” Bishop v. Brown, supra. Judgment affirmed.