236 Pa. Super. 521 | Pa. Super. Ct. | 1975
Lead Opinion
Opinion
The adjudication and order of the court below appealed on behalf of Hartman at No. 1242, October Term 1974, in this Court, is reversed and remanded for further proceedings.
The six judges who heard the appeal on behalf of Gillen, at No. 1241, October Term 1974, in this Court, being equally divided, the order of the court below is affirmed.
Van der Voort, J., did not participate in the consideration or decision of this case.
In Support of Per Curiam Order:
These are appeals by Patrick Gillen and Timothy Francis Hartman from adjudications of delinquency based on petitions filed by the Ambler Police Department on May 31, 1974. The petitions alleged acts of criminal mischief by both the minors. In addition, a petition against Gillen only was filed by the Upper Dublin Police Department, alleging theft of movable property, possession of a pipe containing marijuana residue, and another act of criminal mischief.
An adjudicatory hearing was held on June 7, 1974, at which time the following facts were placed in evidence. On May 30, 1974, Marilyn Lobley and David Styer parked their cars in front of the Ambler Presbyterian Church. Upon returning to their cars later in the evening, both owners discovered that the automobiles were damaged. The right doors of Mrs. Lobley’s Toyota had been kicked in and the rear panel dented. Mr. Styer’s Datsun had been similarly damaged. The print of a sneaker was visible on the right door of Mr. Styer’s Datsun, in the center of the dent.
Further testimony by a disinterested witness, Ruellen Booker, placed the youths at the scene at the approximate time the mischief had been committed. This witness stated that she had seen one of the appellants standing near the Toyota and the other jumping on its rear bumper. She recognized the boys from prior associations with them.
Two policemen from the Ambler Police Department observed the boys one block from the church shortly after Ms. Booker had seen them. The boys ran when they recognized the officers, but were apprehended. The officers stated that the boys appeared to have been drinking, and that they were wearing sneakers.
On May 31, 1974, Mr. Lobley took his car to the Potts-town Auto Refinishing Company and received an esti
Further testimony dealt with the petition filed only against Gillen. Gillen admitted possession of a pipe with marijuana residue, but denied the theft of movable property and criminal mischief. (This criminal mischief related to his behavior while at the police station. Gillen carved his name on his bunk and caused a sink to overflow, thereby damaging the walls, wiring, and certain instruments housed at the station. The amount of damage proven was $71.)
At the conclusion of the hearing, both boys were adjudicated delinquent based on conduct which violated ie-criminal mischief statute, Act of December 6, 1972, Í.' 1482, No. 334, §1 (18 Pa.C.S. §3304). In addition, Gillen was found delinquent for his possession of the pipe with marijuana residue. The charge of theft of movable property was dismissed.
The only issue raised in this appeal concerns the estimates for repairs of the damaged automobiles. Appellants contend that their adjudications of delinquency must be reversed because they were based on inadmissible hearsay in the form of testimony concerning the estimates.
The issue presented in this case must be analyzed from two aspects. First, we must determine whether the Commonwealth had to prove the amount of damage sustained. Secondly, we must determine whether the testi-money was both inadmissible and used as the sole basis for a finding of delinquency.
The juvenile courts of this Commonwealth have jurisdiction over children charged with delinquent acts. The Juvenile Act, Act of Dec. 6, 1972, P.L. 1464, No. 333, §2 (11 P.S. §50-102(2)), defines a “delinquent act” as “an act designated a crime under the law of this State.... ‘Delinquent Act’ shall not include the crime of murder
In the instant case, appellants were charged with criminal mischief, which is "... a misdemeanor of the third degree if [the actor] intentionally or recklessly causes pecuniary loss in excess of $500. Otherwise criminal mischief is a summary offense.” The Crimes Code, Act of Dec. 6, 1972, P.L. 1482, No. 334, §1 (18 Pa. C.S. §3304 (b)). Because the juvenile court is not vested with jurisdiction over summary offenses, the amount of damage caused by the boys was an essential element of the Commonwealth’s case. If the Commonwealth failed to prove, by competent evidence, that the amount of damage was more than $500, the juvenile court had no power to enter an adjudication of delinquency even if it found the minors culpable of the offending conduct. Therefore, the Commonwealth had the burden of proving the amount of damage in the instant case.
Our next inquiry is whether the Commonwealth met its burden. The, Commonwealth’s evidence of the amount of damage caused by these boys was limited to the estimates for repair. No one from the repair shops was called to authenticate the estimates. It is not disputed that the estimates were written statements prepared by persons not under oath nor subject to cross-examination. Moreover, tíiey were offered into evidence to prove the truth of the matter asserted; i.e., the amount of pecuniary loss suffered by the owners of the damaged automobiles. Therefore, they were hearsay. The estimates were not authenticated by the authors, nor even identified by the persons who had requested that the estimates be made,
Moreover, the law is clear that inadmissible hearsay may not serve as the basis for an adjudication of delinquency. In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1 (1967); Terry Appeal, 438 Pa. 339, 265 A.2d 350 (1970) aff’d sub nom. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania, 403 U.S. 528 (1971); Farms Appeal, 216 Pa. Superior Ct. 445, 268 A.2d 170 (1970).
Therefore, unless there is other evidence upon which to sustain the findings of the lower court, we must reverse and remand for new hearings.
In the concluding paragraph of his opinion, the hearing judge stated:
“The Court was convinced by the totality of the evidence of the appellants’ culpability beyond a reasonable doubt of criminal mischief and as to Hartman, this alone formed the basis for the adjudication of delinquency. As to Gillen it was only one of several bases for the adjudication of delinquency as to him.” Because the inadmissible hearsay was the sole basis
for the court’s determination that Hartman was delinquent, we must reverse and remand.
However, because there was adequate, competent evidence, including an admission of possession of a pipe containing marijuana residue, upon which the court based its adjudication of Gillen’s delinquency, that adjudication is affirmed. The plea of guilty to possession,- a crime separate and distinct from that of criminal mischief, is alone sufficient to sustain the court’s adjudication of Gillen’s delinquency. See the Juvenile Act, 11 P.S. §50-102(2), supra.
Watkins, P.J., and Jacobs, J., join.
. In the case of the Lobley’s, Mr. Lobley obtained the estimate but was not called as a witness. Mrs. Lobley stated that the information contained on the estimates was what her husband told her the garage told him, and that she did not know from personal knowledge that the information was correct. In the Styer’s case, Mrs. Styer obtained the estimate but Mr. Styer testified at the hearing.
Concurrence in Part
I concur in the Majority’s holding that the court’s finding that appellant Hartman was delinquent was > erroneous because it was based on inadmissible hearsay evidence. I cannot join, however, the affirmance of the juvenile court’s finding that appellant Gillen was delinquent.
The juvenile court stated that “[t]he Court was convinced by the totality of the evidence of the appellant’s culpability beyond a reasonable doubt of criminal mischief and as to Hartman, this alone formed the basis for the adjudication of delinquency. As to Gillen it was only one of several bases for the adjudication of delinquency as to him.”
The “several bases” included: one, theft of movable property; two, a separate charge of criminal mischief; three, possession of a pipe containing a small residue of marijuana. The petition charging appellant Gillen with theft of movable property was discharged; thus, it could not be part of the foundation to uphold the juvenile court’s finding of delinquency. The criminal mischief charge was based on $70.00 worth of damage done during appellant’s detention in the police station. Seventy dollars, however, is insufficient to confer jurisdiction upon the juvenile court: the Grimes Code,
Thus, the only basis other than the damage to the two automobiles that could sustain the finding of delin
Cercone, J., joins in this opinion.
.. Act of Dec. 6, 1972, P.L. 1482, No. 334, effective date six months from date of enactment.
. Act of Dec. 6,1972, P.L. 1464, No. 333, §2 et seq.
. Act of April 14, 1972, P.L. 233, No. 64, §13, imd. effective, as amended 1972, Oct. 26, P.L. 1048, No. 263, §1, imd. effective.
. Under the sentencing provision of the Crimes Code, supra, §106, a third degree misdemeanor is punishable by one years’ imprisonment while a summary offense carries a possible maximum of ninety days. See also, Crimes Code, supra, §106 (e) : “An offense hereafter defined by any statute other than this title shall be classified as provided in this section.” The Controlled Substances Act, supra, 'was promulgated prior to the Crimes Code. Were the Act promulgated today, §106 (e) would define that offense as a summary offense.
Concurrence in Part
Concurring and Dissenting Opinion by
I agree with Judge Hoffman’s opinion, but wish to add one further note with respect to the majority’s disposition of this case. The record in this case is lacking in formal post-trial motions, so we cannot know whether Hartman asked to be discharged if the evidence was found to be insufficient. His brief on this appeal asks for a discharge or a new trial. Without deciding which is the appropriate relief, I do not think the lead opinion should