55 A. 398 | Md. | 1903
This case is here for the second time. The former appeal will be found reported in
The first, second and third exceptions, presenting cognate if not identical questions, will be considered together. For the purpose of proving that the wages sued for had not been paid, a witness testified that the plaintiff "was a moderate liver and not an extravagant man any way, because the way his living showed it." Thereupon the plaintiff's counsel asked: "In what respect did his living indicate that?" To that question objection was made but the Court overruled the objection and the witness answered: "I judged from his appearance. I speak from the observation I saw of the man on the street and the dress he has got there," and the witness then went on to describe the plaintiff's clothes. In the second exception *668 another witness was asked: "What can you say during the time that John was living with Mrs. Staylor after the death of Mr. Staylor about his condition and appearance?" The witness replied, when the objection to the question had been overruled: "I never knowed him to have any money nor any clothes but one suit to my knowledge." He described the plaintiff's clothes as ragged and said they were fastened with sticks. In the third exception another witness was asked: "What did you observe in regard to his appearance as indicating prosperity or otherwise, or anything?" Over the defendant's objection the witness was permitted to answer, and he replied: "John's appearance of prosperity was very bad so far as I saw, any other young man around was dressed better than he was."
We think it quite clear that there was error in each of these rulings. The testimony was wholly irrelevant to any issue joined in the cause. It did not prove that the services alleged to have been rendered were performed; nor did it establish their value, nor did it tend to show that the plaintiff had not been paid or that the deceased within three years before the suit was brought had promised to pay for them. If it were universally and invariably true that every individual who earned and was paid his wages always dressed well and always had money in his pocket, then the fact that he did not dress well and that he was without money might tend to show that he had not been paid. But there are too many careless and improvident persons in the world to permit indifference in dress or impecuniosity to be treated as evidence in any way tending to prove the non-payment of a debt alleged to be due to them. There is not the slightest relation between those very common conditions and the conclusion sought to be drawn from them.
Mrs. Donavin was called as a witness. She testified that she had worked for her aunt, Mrs. Staylor, and the fourth exception was taken to the action of the Court in allowing her to be asked this question: "Just state how you came to go there and what you were doing there?" The witness went to do housework for Mrs. Staylor shortly after the plaintiff had *669 been hired to do the butchering which Mrs. Staylor carried on after the death of her husband. The question was merely preliminary and was evidently designed to lay before the jury a description of the opportunities which the witness had had to become acquainted with the facts to which she later on deposed. We do not see any error in the ruling.
Mrs. Staylor also had in her employ her brother, Albert W. Lutz, to assist in the butchering business. In the fifth exception Mrs. Donavin was asked: "Do you know anything about Mr. Lutz's payment, as to how much wages he got?" That question was allowed to be asked over the defendant's objection, and the witness replied: "He got five dollars a week." Proving what wages Lutz got did not tend to show that Mrs. Staylor had agreed to give the plaintiff the same amount, nor did it throw any light on the inquiry as to what the services of the plaintiff were worth. The question should have been excluded.
We now come to the prayers set out in the sixth exception. The plaintiff presented one and the defendant seven, besides two special exceptions to the plaintiff's prayer. The plaintiff's prayer was granted, the special exceptions thereto being overruled, and the defendant's second, third, fourth and sixth prayers were granted, whilst the first, fifth and seventh were rejected.
The plaintiff's prayer is nearly identical in terms with the defendant's seventh modified prayer as granted on the first trial. It proceeds upon two theories, namely, first if the jury should find that there was a contract of hiring at a stipulated price and that the services were rendered and that the decedent in her lifetime promised to pay therefor, then the plaintiff was entitled to recover the agreed price; and secondly, if the jury should find there was no agreement as to price, then the plaintiff was entitled to recover such sum as the services were worth not exceeding the price named in the account filed, provided in each instance the jury should further find that said promise was made to take effect within three years prior to the institution of the suit. There were two special exceptions *670
filed to the granting of that prayer: First, that there was no legally sufficient evidence to authorize a recovery on thequantum meruit; secondly, that there was no legally sufficient evidence of any new promise made to take effect within three years prior to the institution of the suit. If neither of these special exceptions prevails the prayer must he held to be sound, because it is a substantial reproduction of the defendant's modified seventh prayer in the first trial, and that prayer was decided by this Court to be correct on the former appeal;
The law of Maryland is definitely settled as to what promise or acknowledgment will remove the bar of the statute. To remove the bar of the statute an acknowledgment of a present subsisting indebtedness must be proved and it must not be accompanied by any qualification or declaration, which, if true, would exempt the promisor from a moral obligation to pay. Stewart v. Garrett Maus,
On cross-examination witness said:
"Q. What was it she said? A. She said she had fixed Johnny at the end of her death. Q. She had fixed Johnny at the end of her death? A. Yes, sir, and he wasn't getting anything outside of board and a little spending money. It was verbal conversation; she didn't write a letter to me." McKewen testified as follows: "She said she was saving his money and after this one day about eighteen months before she died I was at the place and could hear her, she was talking to Johnny and Mrs. Staylor had a little quarrel and she says, I was sitting at a fence between us and she was scolding with John and I said Mrs. Staylor it don't look like you are *673 going to do what you said, she was saving the money there for him and the business was his when she died and that was the remark I related to her over the fence. Q. You said they had a little quarrel? A. Yes, sir. Q. What do you mean? A. Words you know, jawing about something, some private matter inside there, I don't know what it was, something the matter or something, I couldn't tell whether it was money he wanted her to give him, I don't know what it was, but she quarrelled and she was giving him a jawing and this remark that she said to him when I says `that don't look like you were going to do what you said,' and she said I have got to do something with him to stop him. Q. She said I have got to do something with him? A. She said she had to do something to John when he had got the humps anyhow to stop him, she meant to cool him down and go to work so she said but whatever the dispute was about I don't known and John made believe, I think, he was going away and he would leave there, or something of the character. Q. Did she or not at a later time than after this ever tell you anything about saving his money? A. Yes, sir; she told me that after. She said I am saving his money for him right there. Q. Right in the yard there? A. Yes, sir; right afterwards. Q. In the yard that day? A. Yes, sir; right afterwards, yes, sir."
We do not think that any of this testimony can be strained into a promise to pay or into an acknowledgment of a subsisting debt. At best it consists of loose and inconclusive declarations of a purpose on the part of Mrs. Staylor to provide for the plaintiff after her death, and that could only mean by will as he was not one of her next of kin. It falls very far short of showing either a promise to pay a debt or an acknowledgment of a subsisting debt and the special exception we are now considering should have been sustained. On the former appeal there was no special exception to the plaintiff's prayer and therefore no question as to the legal sufficiency of the evidence to support its hypothesis arose or was considered. Of course it must be understood that the rejection of this first prayer would not preclude the plaintiff from recovering *674 the value of the services he rendered within three years before the suit was brought.
The defendant's first and fifth prayers, which were rejected, restricted the right of recovering to the value of the services rendered within three years before the suit was brought. Both prayers refer to the pleadings and in view of the conclusions we have reached in considering the plaintiff's first prayer ought to have been granted, unless the evidence justified the jury in finding that by the terms of the employment the plaintiff was not to be paid until the death of Mrs. Staylor. But that theory was distinctly excluded by the granted sixth prayer of the defendant. There was no error in rejecting the defendant's seventh prayer. The credibility of the testimony tending to show payment was for the jury and not for the Court to pass upon.
Because of the errors indicated, namely, the rulings in the first, second, third and fifth exceptions and the granting of the plaintiff's prayer in the teeth of the second special exception, and the rejection of the defendant's first and fifth prayers, the judgment must be reversed and a new trial will be awarded; and it is accordingly so ordered.
Judgment reversed with costs above and below and new trialawarded.
(Decided July 2d 1903.)