Gerald Hansen was convicted by a jury of two counts of possession of an unregistered firearm in violation of 26 U.S.C. § 5861(d) and one count of transfer of аn unregistered firearm in violation of 26 U.S.C. § 5861(e). The district court sentenced him to three consecutive ten-year sentences, the maximum penalty fоr his violations. This court affirmed the convictions and sentences.
United States v. Hansen,
Hansen then filed this action pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 alleging, among other things, 1 that his sentence was unconstitutional because it was imposed in retaliation for his exercise of his right to trial by jury. Specifically, he alleges that, during the sentencing proceeding, the district court judge stated:
Mr. Hansen, I want to make something perfectly clear to you! The reason I am sentencing you to consecutive maximum sentences on each count is because youmade me go to trial for four (4) days and did not follow the advice of yоur attorney and plead guilty. I' would have only given you probation. 2
As Hansen concedes, this alleged statement by the district court judge does not appear in the transcript of the sentencing proceeding. Hansen claims that this statement was deleted from the transcript. Accordingly, hе requests a copy of the court reporter’s original sound tape of the proceeding so that he can prove that the allеged statement was made and thereby prove his claim. The district court denied this request and declined to address Hansen’s claim that his sentencе was unconstitutional because it was imposed in retaliation for his exercise of his right to a jury trial. 3
The government argues for the first time on apрeal that Hansen’s request of the court reporter’s original sound tapes of the sentencing proceeding is procedurally barred because it could have been raised on direct appeal. As the government did not raise this procedural bar argument in the district court, wе decline to consider it on appeal. 4
In support of his request for the court reporter’s original sound tapes of his sentencing prоceeding, Hansen relies on 28 U.S.C. § 753, which sets out the duties of a court reporter appointed by a district court of the United States. That statute рrovides, in pertinent part:
The reporter ... shall attach his official certificate to the original shorthand notes or other original records so taken and promptly file them with the clerk who shall preserve them in the public records of the court for not less than ten years
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The original notes or other original records and the copy of the transcript in the office of the clerk shall be open during office hours tо inspection by any person without charge. 5
This court has not addressed how this statute impacts upon an inmate’s request for access to the court reporter’s notes of his underlying criminal proceeding. The Seventh Circuit, addressing a prisoner’s right to section 753 materials, has held:
Denying access to court files to prisoners, given the statutory inspection rights granted by 28 U.S.C. § 753(b), works an invidious discrimination which cannot pass muster under the equal prоtection pregnant of the Fifth Amendment’s due process clause when the important substantive constitutional right of access to the courts is imрlicated. 6
Thus, the Seventh Circuit determined that a prisoner’s request for the record in his underlying criminal proceeding should be granted “as of right by the district сourts to prisoners seeking to use the record to prepare a collateral attack on their conviction.” 7
In this case, Hansen’s claim that the district сourt judge gave him a maximum sentence in retaliation for exercising his right to a jury trial is dependent upon proof of his allegation that district court judge admitted this retaliatory act during the sentencing proceeding. Hansen has shown that he can prove this allegation only by reviewing the cоurt reporter’s original records of this proceeding. Accordingly, Hansen is entitled to access to these records, to the extent they exist. Assuming the records do exist, we leave it to the district court to fashion an order that permits Hansen access to these records and alsо provides appropriate safeguards to maintain the integrity of the records. 9
Our holding in this case is specifically limited to the situation when а prisoner seeks access to court files, as opposed to the situations when a prisoner seeks, at government expense, either copies of court files or transcripts of proceedings. 10 Hansen has expressed his willingness to pay for any copies he wishes to make of the records he seeks. Our holding governs only his access to these records.
Accordingly, for the foregoing reasons, the district court’s decision is VACATED аnd the case is REMANDED for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Notes
. On appeal, Hansen specifically waives all of his claims except the one discussed in this opinion.
. Appellant’s Brief at 2.
. In denying Hansen’s request for access to the court reporter’s original records, the district court relied on its рrevious denial of a similar request made by Hansen in a petition for declaratory judgment. The district court’s reliance on its previous decisiоn was erroneous for two reasons. First, the district court summarily denied Hansen’s petition for declaratory judgment. Thus, it is unclear whether the district court dеtermined that Hansen’s request made therein was unmeritorious or that the request simply was not appropriate for a petition for declaratory judgment. Second, as we make clear in this opinion, a prisoner's request for access to the court records of his underlying criminal сonviction is premature prior to the filing of a collateral attack on that conviction. Hansen filed his petition for declaratory judgment before he filed this action collaterally attacking his conviction.
.
See Jenkins v. Anderson,
. 28 U.S.C. § 753(b).
.
Rush v. United States,
. Id. at 459-60.
.
Accord United States v. Losing,
.
See United States v. Davidson,
.See 28 U.S.C. § 753(f) (governing a prisoner’s ability to obtain transcripts at government expense).