40 Pa. Super. 97 | Pa. Super. Ct. | 1909
Opinion by
When this case was formerly before this court its material facts were fully reviewed by our Brother Oklady. We see no necessity to restate them here. The plaintiff in support of its claim had offered, inter alia, the regular minute book in which the official actions of the supervisors were recorded by the township clerk in accordance with the statutory requirement.
By the Act of April 15,1834, P. L. 537 it is provided “that the town clerk in each township shall be clerk to the supervisors of the same township, and as such shall keep a record of the proceedings of said officers, .... and the book or books, so to be provided by the town clerk, shall be kept by him and shall be open for the inspection of any person who may have occasion to search therein.” The evils which flow from a failure to obey this statute, thus leaving the future investigation of important township affairs to be conducted only in the light of the uncertain memories of former officials, have been more than once pointed out by this court. It is not denied that the book which was produced and offered in evidence was the regular minute book of the supervisors of Frankford township. It was in the custody of the proper officer, and the minutes there appearing had been recorded and duly certified by him. They covered two separate meetings of the board, one on September 1,1904, relating particularly to the purchase of the new engine, the subject-matter of the present dispute,
In Whitehead v. School District, 145 Pa. 418, where the question was the regularity of the discharge of a school teacher, Mr. Justice Clark said: “ But the action of the board in effecting the dismissal of a teacher must be set forth upon the minutes as required by the statute. The minutes are therefore the best evidence of the teacher’s dismissal, and are conclusive, unless the board may be shown to have acted corruptly or in bad faith, and to have clearly abused its powers. The admission of evidence on the part of the defendant as to the circumstances of cruelty alleged, was therefore erroneous.” This language was cited with approval in McCrea v. School District, 145 Pa. 550.
The general rule throughout the several states of the union is thus declared in 24 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law (2d ed.), 197: “The doctrine that such records (other than legislative and judicial) are conclusive, receives much support from a large number of cases in which it is laid down that they cannot be contradicted by parol or other extrinsic evidence, while there are very few cases in which it has been held admissible to contradict directly such records by evidence of this character. That such records may be aided or explained by parol ox-other extrinsic evidence is undisputed.”
In the printed brief of the learned counsel for appellant we find the following excerpts from three of the many cases cited in the Encyclopedia in support of the rule stated: “In a collateral inquiry, a record of the boax’d of county commissioners
We do not by the citation of these authorities intend to carry the doctrine a step beyond the limits defined in Whitehead v. School District, 145 Pa. 418. Fraud vitiates everything it touches, and it would be unreasonable to hold that any record possesses such a character that no means are left by which it may be made to speak the truth where the finger of fraud has written falsehood into it. In the present case the minutes were prepared by counsel for at least one of the supervisors in accordance with the facts as stated by him. They were sent to the clerk of the board. The supervisors met at his house. After the meeting the clerk transcribed the minutes into the book, and in due course those of the following meeting certifying to their formal approval. He does not allege that he was corruptly induced to do this by the plaintiff, or by anybody else; nor is it alleged, much less proven, that the plaintiff had anything whatever to do with the preparation or recording of these minutes. The most that is said, by way of attack upon the minutes, is that one of the supervisors declined to look at them or read them. There is no evidence that he protested against the recording of them, or alleged that they untruly set forth what the supervisors had done. Nor did the supervisors, at any time after this dispute had arisen, take ’ any steps to correct, in a proper way, the mistake, if any, in the history of their transaction as it had been officially recorded.
Under these circumstances, to permit the township officers to come into court, on the trial of a collateral issue, and swear away the record which had been officially made and permitted to remain without question for a considerable period of time, would seem to us to be a practical nullification of the provisions of the act of 1834 requiring such record to be kept. In such
When one of the supervisors was on the witness stand, the court permitted him to testify to a conversation he had with a son of the agent of the plaintiff as to the extent of the damage which had been done to the engine of Mentzer when it went through the township bridge. This testimony was without doubt damaging to the plaintiff’s case. It was admitted over the objection of the plaintiff’s counsel. It was afterwards excluded and the jury directed to disregard it. In its fourth point, the plaintiff asked the court to say to the jury, “Until the time for the payment of the engine arrived, the supervisors never made any complaint as to the fairness of the transaction, and, never to the time of the trial, of the right of Mentzer to hold the new engine in ratification of their contract.” The court answered, “Affirmed. There certainly is no evidence of dissatisfaction unless it would appear from the interview between Fry and young Kutz. (This being, as we understand, the testimony which was stricken out.) We, however, affirm this point without qualification.” With the record in this condition, we do not feel able to say that the jury may not have been prejudiced against the plaintiff’s case by the admission of the incompetent evidence. After evidence has been improperly received, it is always a grave question whether striking it out and directing the jury to disregard it, completely obliterates the effect of it. Why the court after having thus undertaken to repair the error in admitting the testimony, saw fit to refer to the conversation in the answer to the point, we are unable to say. We think the point should have been
By its eighth point (eighth assignment), the court was asked to instruct the jury that “there is sufficient evidence in this case to warrant the jury in treating the order of the supervisors for the engine, and the acceptance of it by delivering it to Mentzer, as a joint ratification of their former consultations and deliberations, so as to make the township liable for their action.” The court answered: “Refused as stated; we leave this for your determination.” On the former appeal this court had stated, in the exact language of the point, its opinion that there was sufficient evidence to carry the case to the jury. This was intended, of course, as a direction to guide the court below in the new trial which was the result of that appeal. The learned court, in submitting the case to the jury, obeyed the direction thus given. We are not prepared to say, however, that any reversible error was committed in declining to affirm the point as a proper instruction to the jury, for the reason that, if affirmed as presented, without qualification or explanation, the jury might have been led to think that there was no other course open to them except to find for the plaintiff. The sufficiency of the evidence offered was a question of law for the court, and not one of fact for the jury. The learned court below, in submitting the case to the jury, affirmed in the most practical way the proposition that the evidence was sufficient, and we cannot see in what way the plaintiff was injured by the refusal to affirm the point as part of the court’s instructions to the jury. The eighth assignment is overruled.
We have carefully gone over the numerous remaining assignments, and, without discussing them, we think it sufficient to say that we discover no error in any of them that would justify a judgment of reversal.
The whole marrow of the case, and the legal principles applicable to the facts of it, are so clearly set forth in the former opinion of our Brother Orlady, that we conclude by quoting from it: “Independent of the record made in the township book, a jury would be clearly warranted in finding from the
Judgment reversed and a venire facias de novo awarded.