587 So. 2d 1069 | Ala. Crim. App. | 1991
The appellant, G.D.H., appeals the transfer of his cause from the juvenile court to the Circuit Court for Mobile County. The appellant was charged with theft of property in the first degree and with criminal mischief in the first degree.
The state's evidence tended to show that the appellant, on July 19, 1989, five days before his eighteenth birthday, stole several aluminum support brackets from the tower of one of Alabama Power Company's relay stations. He and another individual cut the brackets into pieces and scraped off the identification numbers. The appellant then went to a scrap metal yard and sold the aluminum pieces for $30.00. A spokesman for Alabama Power Company testified that because of the destruction to the relay station, caused by the removal of the brackets, the total cost to repair the station would be over $100,000. Because the tower was an interstate transmission tower, the power company referred the case to the FBI, as it had previously had done on other cases. After the FBI investigated the case for about six months, it declined jurisdiction. In February 1990, the United States Attorney's office declined to prosecute. Alabama Power Company then went to the district attorney's office for Mobile County. This office advised the Company to file a complaint. Thus, in April 1991, two complaints were filed against the appellant, one alleging theft of property in the first degree and one alleging criminal mischief in the first degree. Because of the appellant's age, the case was set for juvenile court. Later in April a transfer hearing was held. The court granted the state's motion and transferred the case to the Circuit Court for Mobile County.
The appellant's only argument on appeal is that his right to a speedy trial was violated because 21 months elapsed from the time of the criminal conduct to the time of the transfer hearing. He further contends that because he is now over 18, the juvenile court has lost jurisdiction.
The state argues, and we agree, that because a transfer hearing is not a criminal prosecution, no right to a speedy trial attaches. As Judge Bowen stated in Cruse v. State,
Cruse, 489 So.2d at 697."Under the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, '[i]n all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial.' A transfer hearing is not a trial and does not involve a 'criminal prosecution.' Rather, it is the process by which it is determined whether or not a juvenile will be prosecuted as a criminal and tried as an adult. Since a transfer hearing is not a 'criminal prosecution' within the meaning of the constitutional guaranty of the Sixth Amendment right to a speedy trial, that right does not apply to transfer hearings."
Further, the juvenile court did not lose jurisdiction because the appellant is now over the age of 18. The age of the perpetrator at the time of the criminal conduct is the age which is relevant for purposes of the juvenile court jurisdiction. Section 12-15-1(3) Code of Alabama 1975, defines the term "child" for purposes of the Alabama Juvenile Justice Act as, "An individual under the age of 18, or under 19 years of age and before the juvenile court for a matter arisingbefore that individual's 18th birthday." (Emphasis added.) At the time of the offense the appellant was 17. The defendant is governed by the law applicable at the time of the offense. Exparte Bracewell,
We point out that if the appellant prevails on this issue, his case would be before the circuit court. If he does not prevail on this issue, his case would be before the circuit court. Therefore, he could suffer no harm. See Rule 45, A.R.App.P.
For the reasons stated above, the appellant's transfer to the Circuit Court for Mobile County is due to be affirmed.
AFFIRMED.
All the Judges concur. *1071