80 Ala. 388 | Ala. | 1885
Whatever may be the privilege or duty of one, named as executor in a paper purporting to be a last will and testament, to propound it for probate, and to fix a charge upon the estate for any reasonable costs and expenses incurred in a l)ona fide effort to have the will established ; one, not standing in any relation, which makes it either a legal or moral duty to the estate to establish the will, can not create a proper charge upon it for costs and expenses thus incurred. A charge can not be fixed upon an estate for costs and expenses incurred, though in reference to its property, by one, upon whom neither the law, nor the will, confers the privilege, or imposes a duty. Administration, on the death of Mrs. Gayle, had been granted in 1872, as if she had died intestate, no will having been found. While the estate was in course of administration thus granted, and several years after the grant, in October, 1876, an agreement was entered into between the children of Mrs. Gayle, that as the will of their mother could not be found, proceedceedings should be instituted by the appellant in her name to establish and have admitted to probate a copy of the will; the children agreeing, in case of success, to pay a proportionate share of the expense. Proceedings were accordingly instituted, which resulted in the rendition of a decree by the Probate Court in December, 1876, establishing the lost will and admitting a copy of it to probate, which decree was, at the December term, 1878, affirmed by this court. The appellant was not appointed administratrix until April, 1879. The evident purpose of the agreement to institute such proceedings, was to defeat the claim of Oonoly to the life interest, which the husband of Mrs. Gayle would have had in her real estate, if she had died intestate, and his consequent claim to the rents, that had accrued in the hands of the receiver. The attorneys were employed by the children, no one of whom occupied any relation, which made it a legal or moral duty to the estate to give effect to the will. Under such circumstances, the expenses incurred by them for that purpose must be regarded as incurred for their personal benefit, and as constituting a personal charge on
The title to a heritable estate in lands descends eo instanbi, and vests in the heir at law, on the death of the person seized with such estate, if there be no will giving it a different direction ; and if there be such will, then in the devisee. With the title passes the right to the possession, and after accruing*rents and profits, subject to the statutory powers of the personal representative. For the purposes of administration, and subject to homestead and quarantine rights, the personal representative may claim and take possession, let to rent, and receive accruing rents. Possession and control of the realty,by the personal representative, suspends the right of the heir or devisee to possession, and the rights of action, which at common law descended with the land ; but to thus suspend the heir or devisee’s rights, the personal representative must actually take possession, or assert his right, and follow it up with the means necessary to establish it.— Calhoun v. Fletcher, 63 Ala. 574. The heir or devisee is entitled to the realty with all its incidents, until the personal representative exercises or asserts his statutory power, either to rent or sell. — Masterson v. Girard's heirs, 10 Ala. 60. As between the personal representative and the heir or devisee, the latter is not responsible for rents received or collected before the statutory power is asserted ; for the reason, that he is in law the owner, and may receive and expend the usufruct,.though the personal representative may intercept rents not actually received or collected. — Chighizola v. Le Baron, 21 Ala. 406; Br. Bank at Mobile v. Fry, 23 Ala. 770.
The land was the statutory separate estate of Mrs. Gayle. After her death, her husband, in 1872, was adjudicated a bankrupt ; and his supposed interest in the land was sold by the assignee in bankruptcy, and purchased by Oonoly, who asserted his claim to the land and to the .rents accruing thereafter. Thereupon, in September, 1873, a bill in equity was brought by the children, as lieirs-at-law, to enjoin Oonoly from setting up any claim to the land and from collecting the rents, and praying the appointment of a receiver, and that the possession of the land and rent notes be turned over to the receiver for their benefit. A receiver was appointed by the court, with authority to take charge of the lands and receive the rents, who entered upon the discharge of his duties as such, and collected the rents for several years thereafter. The personal representative was not a party to this suit, and no personal representative had ever taken possession or control of the land, or asserted the power to sell or rent, until the appellant, as administratrix,
A receiver is appointed for the benefit and on behalf of the parties in interest during the pendency of the suit; and on its termination, for the benefit of the party ascertained to have the right to the property or fund in controversy. Whilst a stranger, whose rights are affected, may apply to be heard pro interesse suo, and his rights will be protected from diminution by reason of the receivership, it does not operate to enlarge such rights. “lie can not claim and derive from it a benefit to which he would not have been entitled, if there had not been a receiver appointed.” — Scott v. Ware, 65 Ala. 174. The interposition of the court by the appointment of a receiver does not change the ultimate rights of the parties. When Conoly abandoned his claim and further litigation, the possession of the receiver was by relation the possession of the heirs during the pendency of his appointment, and was exclusive of the possession or control of the personal representative. The money received by him for rents was in law and for all legal purposes, the money of the heirs, the same as if the receiver had been appointed, and they had continued in possession collecting the rents.
It is insisted, however, that the order of the Chancery Court directing the money to be paid to the appellant as administratrix, is res adjudicada, as to ownership, and that-the appellant is estopped from denying, that the rents are assets of the estate. The petition was filed by appellant under and in pursuance of an agreement between the children, that appellant should obtain the money in the hands of the receiver, for the purpose of compromising the Craig claim and of paying the attorney’s fees and costs, for which the children were liable. The application and proceedings thereon were ex parte. No issue was made or question raised or determined between the children and the administratrix as to the ownership. The children asserted their right and ownership to the rents in directing, by whom they should be received and th’e manner of their application ; and the appellant, by receiving them under and in pursuance of such agreement, recognized and acted in subordination to the rights of the children. The appellant may be individually es-topped from denying, that she received them in her representative capacity, for the specified purposes, and the children es-
Whilst we can not concur with, appellant’s counsel, that the order ,of the chancellor is void, we hold that it can not operate to convert the rents into assets of the estate, for which the personal representative is chargeable on her settlement, when in law and in fact they are not assets. A contrary ruling is inhibited by the statute, which declares, no executor or administrator is liable, except in a specified case not applicable here, beyond the amount of assets which have come to his hands, or which have been lost, destroyed, wasted, injured, depreciated, or not collected by want of diligence on bis part, or by an abuse of his trust. — Code, § 2616. A decree against the personal representative, ascertaining the state of her accounts on settlement, is conclusive and binding on her sureties, as to all matters, not personal defenses; such as the factum of the bond. — Martin v. Tally, 72 Ala. 24. Receiving the rents, on such ex ¡parte application, under such circumstances and for designated purposes, some of which are foreign to the due and legal administration of the estate, should not have any greater effect in estopping the administratrix from showing they are not legal assets, than if they had been received without an order of the court by her as administratrix, on a claim that they were assets. In Smith's Heirs v. Smith's Adm'x, 13 Ala. 329, -it was said: “We assume it as a postulate, that if an administrator receives money or property belonging to the estate of his intestate, to which he is not entitled in his representative character, although he can not hold it against the party legally entitled, yet the Orphan’s Court can not take it into the account, and render a decree against him therefor, on the settlement of the administration. A court of law, proceeding according to the ordinary forms, or a court of chancery, may hold him accountable and render complete justice.” The effect of a decree against the appellant for rents, on her settlement, would be to fix not only on her individually, but also on her sureties, a charge, not authorized by •law, which, in the absence of fraud or collusion, is conclusive on them. Of the agreement, and its performance or breach, the Probate Court had no jurisdiction ; and although the administratrix charged herself with the money obtained from the
This conclusion renders unnecessary the consideration of the other questions presented in the argument of counsel.
Reversed and remanded.
