411 U.S. 974 | SCOTUS | 1973
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting.
Petitioner was convicted of larceny. The District of Columbia Court of Appeals reversed. 241 A. 2d 446. The United States Court of Appeals reversed the latter court, 133 U. S. App. D. C. 337, 410 F. 2d 1036, and remanded the case to the District of Columbia Court of Appeals for a ruling on the propriety of the trial court’s instruction. That court held that the instructions had not been prejudicial, 259 A. 2d 593, and the United States Court of Appeals affirmed. Thereafter petitioner sought relief by way of coram nobis. The trial court dismissed the case without prejudice and the District of Columbia Court of Appeals affirmed.
During the time petitioner’s original or direct appeal was being considered by the court, Frank Q. Nebeker was Assistant United States Attorney in charge of the Appellate Section in the office of the United States Attorney for the District. One of his duties was to review the appellate briefs submitted by that office to the appellate courts. His name was on the brief opposing petitioner on the appeal. He was named to the District of Columbia Court of Appeals by President Nixon in May of 1969.
When the coram nobis action, was brought to the District of Columbia Court of Appeals it was heard by a three-judge panel which included Judge Nebeker.
His prior role in the case was not brought to his attention and he doubtless was unaware of the fact that this case had been one of the many hundreds he had processed while in the United States Attorney’s office.
“A judge should disqualify himself in a proceeding in which his impartiality might reasonably be questioned, including but not limited to instances where ... he served as lawyer in the matter in controversy . . . .”
This Canon, as it applies to this case, is merely a reflection of the basic concept of due process of law that a person should not serve as both prosecutor and judge.
The matter might not be considered of any great moment here if the three judges in the panel had taken part. But one of the three, Judge Yeagley, did not participate in the decision. Hence, in one view there was only a single qualified judge sitting on the appeal. That fact makes singularly appropriate the suggestion of the Solicitor General that it may be just, under the circumstances, to vacate the judgment of the District of Columbia Court of Appeals and remand for further proceedings. I would do just that.
Although this issue may not rise to the level of a constitutional question and there is no federal statute involved, we should take this action under our supervisory authority over the administration of justice in the federal courts. See, e. g., Mallory v. United States, 354 U. S. 449, 452-453; McNabb v. United States, 318 U. S. 332, 341; Nardone v. United States, 308 U. S. 338, 341-342. The District of Columbia Court of Appeals, established by Congress pursuant to Art. I, § 8, cl. 17, of the Constitution,
See § 111 of the District of Columbia Court Reform and Criminal Procedure Act of 1970, 84 Stat. 475, D. C. Code Ann. § 11-101 (2) (A) (Supp. V, 1972). We discussed the differences between “legislative,” or Art. I, courts and “constitutional,” or Art. III, courts
District of Columbia Court Reform and Criminal Procedure Act of 1970, D. C. Code Ann. § 11-1501 (a).
The House Report states that the District of Columbia Court of Appeals will be “the highest court in the jurisdiction, similar to a state Supreme Court,” H. R. Rep. No. 91-907, p. 23, and that "[t]he jurisdictional changes recommended by your Committee will result in a Federal-State court system in the District of Columbia analogous to the court systems in the several States." Id., at 35.
The Senate Report states:
“This constitutional authority for the creation of a local court system, distinct from the Federal court system established pursuant to. article III, has been recognized in Keller v. Potomac Electric Power Co., 261 U. S. 428 (1923); Federal Radio Commission v. General Electric Co., 281 U. S. 464 (1930); and O’Donoghue v. United States, 289 U. S. 516 (1933). The committee believes that there is nothing in the result reached in Glidden v. Zdanok, 370 U. S. 530 (1962), which denies the congressional authority to create a local court system for the District of Columbia which is distinct from the Federal court system.” S. Rep. No. 91-405, p. 18.
The statement that the new D. C. court system is “distinct from the Federal court system” obviously relates only to the distinction between Art. I and Art. Ill courts. See n. 1, supra.
This Court has jurisdiction under 28 U. S. C. § 1257 (3). See District of Columbia Court Reform and Criminal Procedure Act of 1970, supra, § 11-102. Under 28 U. S. C. § 2106, we may vacate the judgment below and “require such further proceedings to be had as may be just under the circumstances.”
While four of us would grant certiorari and vacate the judgment, we do not insist on oral argument.
Lead Opinion
Ct. App. D. C. Certiorari denied.