548 F. Supp. 1294 | N.D. Ill. | 1982
Dorothy GAUTREAUX, et al., Plaintiffs,
v.
Samuel R. PIERCE, Secretary of Department of Housing and Urban Development, et al., Defendants.
United States District Court, N. D. Illinois, E. D.
Alexander Polikoff, Chicago, Ill., for plaintiffs.
John Jensen, Regional Counsel for HUD, Chicago, Ill., Gershon M. Ratner, Associate General Counsel for Litigation, U.S. Dept. of HUD, Washington, D.C., for defendants.
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
ASPEN, District Judge:
This matter is presently before the Court on the joint motion of plaintiffs and the *1295 United States Department of Housing and Urban Development ("HUD") for modification of Exhibits A and B to the June 16, 1981, consent decree between those parties so as to reflect certain racial shifts in the demography of the Chicago Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area ("Chicago SMSA") as documented by the 1980 census and by information supplied by persons familiar with the geographical areas in question. The parties' joint motion is filed pursuant to paragraph 8.3 of the consent decree which provides that "[a]fter the availability of final 1980 census data, but not more frequently than every two years thereafter, either HUD or plaintiffs' counsel, without the consent of the other, may request the Court to modify Exhibits A and B hereto."
Exhibits A and B to the consent decree divide the Chicago SMSA into "General," "Limited" and "Revitalizing" areas for the purpose of determining the location of housing to be provided for the benefit of the plaintiff class under the surrogate for "blacks" and that the terms "non-white," "minority", and "blacks" have been used interchangeably in mapping out the General, Limited and Revitalizing Areas with respect to Exhibits A and B to the decree.
Although IHDA correctly notes that, in other contexts, the term "minority" has been used to encompass not only blacks but also other non-whites, sometimes even including Spanish-surnamed persons who may or may not be correctly categorized as "non-white," such an expansive use of the term "minority" is not justified in the context of this case. From its inception, this case, filed on behalf of a class of black applicants for and occupants of public housing in the City of Chicago, has focused on the systematic exclusion of black individuals and families from housing opportunities in the predominantly white areas of the Chicago area and the appropriate remedy for such unconstitutional action by local and national governmental agencies.
As early as 1969, when the late Judge Austin entered the first judgment order in this matter, the parties as well as the Court viewed the central issue in the case for purposes of both liability and relief in terms of blacks vs. whites and not in terms of whites vs. all minorities in the broadest sense of that term. Although Judge Austin used the terms "white" and "non-white" in his opinion, as those terms were used in the 1960 census, see Gautreaux v. Chicago Housing Authority, 304 F. Supp. 736, 737 (N.D.Ill.1969), it is clear that "non-white" at that time was virtually a surrogate for "blacks" for purposes of U.S. census data. Indeed, the Bureau of the Census noted that "Negroes constitute 92 percent of all non-whites, [and] many of the data presented are shown for all the non-white races combined...." United States Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1960, Vol. 1, Characteristics of the Population, pt. 15 (Illinois), p. xx. Contrary to IHDA's assertion, therefore, at the time of Judge Austin's order, it was virtually impossible to separate data for blacks from other nonwhites and, in any event, such separation would not have been very useful since blacks made up almost the entire non-white population enumerated by the census.
While the Census Bureau refined its enumeration and reporting procedures in subsequent censuses, HUD and plaintiffs' counsel continued to define the General and Limited public housing areas of the City for the most part in terms of black and white populations. The original Exhibits A and B to the consent decree reflect this state of affairs except that some census tracts that were technically less than 30 percent black were included in the Limited Area if they were adjacent to predominantly black census tracts and showed evidence of rapid racial transition. See Plaintiffs' Joint Reply Brief at 3 n.*.[1]
*1296 IHDA contends that its interpretation of the consent decree is supported by the fact that the class of "eligible persons" for purposes of relief under the decree, see Consent Decree at ¶ 2.3, is not limited to blacks but includes any member of a household occupying non-elderly or handicapped housing, regardless of race. This argument is irrelevant to the issue of the proper interpretation of the term "minority" as used in the decree in describing the General, Limited and Revitalizing Areas set forth in Exhibits A and B. The fact that the class of persons eligible to be placed in housing under the decree includes blacks, whites and other persons indicates nothing with regard to the potential location of the housing to be supplied under the consent decree.
In sum, it is our view that the only reasonable interpretation of the consent decree, consistent with the theory and context of this case since its inception, is that advanced by plaintiffs and HUD in support of the proposed modification of Exhibits A and B of the decree. Accordingly, the parties' joint motion to modify the decree is granted and the Court will enter the order submitted in connection with the parties' motion. It is so ordered.
ORDER
This matter coming on to be heard on the amended joint motion of plaintiffs and the defendant United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, pursuant to Paragraphs 8.1 and 8.3 of the Consent Decree signed herein on June 16, 1981, and
The Court having heard the presentations of counsel for such parties and determined that the proposed order modifying said Consent Decree is appropriate and is consistent with and in furtherance of the purposes of said Consent Decree,
It is hereby ordered that Exhibits A and B to said Consent Decree be replaced by Exhibits A-1 and B-1 attached hereto and that such Exhibits A-1 and B-1 shall be applicable with respect to initial reservations of contract authority made after the date of this order.
EXHIBIT A-1
CENSUS TRACT NUMBERS
102 through 109 201 through 209 301 through 310 318 through 319 401 through 410 501 through 515 601 through 634 701 through 717 801 through 802 810 through 817 901 through 903 1001 through 1007 1101 through 1105 1201 through 1204 1301 through 1305 1401 through 1408 1501 through 1512 1601 through 1613 1701 through 1711 1801 through 1803 1901 through 1914 2001 through 2006 2101 through 2109 2201 through 2229 2301 through 2305 2401 through 2408 2501 through 2505 3001 through 3002 3005 through 3012 3014 through 3020 3101 through 3115 3201 through 3206 3401 through 3405 5201 through 5206 5501 5605 through 5613 5701 through 5705 5801 through 5811 5901 through 5907 *1297 6001 through 6016 6101 through 6108 6111 through 6115 6201 through 6204 6302 through 6305 6307 through 6309 6401 through 6408 6501 through 6505 6602 through 6606 6608 through 6609 6611 7001 through 7005 7204 through 7205 7401 through 7404 7503 through 7504 7601 through 7609 7701 8117 8209 8408EXHIBIT A-1
Page 2
EXCLUDED FROM THE GENERAL AREA
8092 8095 through 8098 8101 through 8103 8121 8125 through 8126 8130 through 8131 8170 through 8178 8179 through 8180 8204 8214 8236.03 8243 through 8244 8248 through 8249 8251 8255.01 8255.02 8255.03 8256 8268 through 8276 8290 through 8291 8293 through 8294 8297 (East Chicago Heights portion) 8303 8623 8624 through 8625 8627 through 8629 8631 8632 (excluding Lake Bluff) 8807 through 8808 8812 through 8813 8819 through 8821 8824 through 8825 8830 through 8831 8836.01 (Park Forest South portion) 8836.02 (Park Forest South portion) 8838.01 (Park Forest South portion)EXHIBIT B-1
CENSUS TRACT NUMBERS
101 311 through 317 320 through 321 718 through 720 803 809 2317 through 2318 2409 through 2436 2705 south of Madison Street 2715 through 2716 2801 through 2803 2809 2812 through 2813 2815 south of Madison Street 2816 south of Madison Street 2817 through 2826 2828 through 2836 2903 2904 through 2906 *1298 2910 through 2913 3301 3304 through 3305 3501 through 3503 3506 through 3510 3901 through 3907 4101 through 4114 4201 through 4204 4211 4301 through 4303 4305 4307 4309 4314 4601 through 4602 7207 7502NOTES
[1] IHDA's quotations from testimony at the fairness hearing on the consent decree indicating that witnesses who testified in favor of the decree used the terms "minority" and "nonwhites" in conjunction with their descriptions of the General and Limited housing areas in Exhibits A and B conspicuously begs the question of whether those witnesses intended to equate "blacks" with "minority" or "non-whites."
