77 W. Va. 583 | W. Va. | 1916
The disposition of this appeal from a decree setting aside a tax deed involves but two questions that merit consideration (1) whether a sheriff residing fifty thrde miles from the state 'Capital, receiving a list of delinquent lands, mailed to him by the Auditor, on the 1st day of November, has time to advertise the sale for the first day of a term of court commencing >on the 5th day of December; and (2) whether a mistake in a notice of sale of delinquent lands, as to the time of the sale, invalidates a sale made on a day on which it could have been made under presumptively existing circumstances.
If a sheriff does not receive the list of delinquent lands in time to make his sale on any one of certain prescribed days in the months of November and December, after having given notice for four consecutive weeks, by publication, he is required to advertise it for the first day of a circuit or county court, which ever may be held first in the succeeding year next after publication of his notice of sale. Chapter 31, sec. 6, ser. sec. 1064.
As some time is required for the preparation of the notice of the sale for the use of the publisher and an additional period for putting it in type, it cannot be said, as matter of law, that one month and three or four days would be sufficient
Not having received the list in time to commence the sale, on the first day of the term of court, beginning December 5, 1905, the sheriff evidently intended to advertise it for the first day of the term commencing January 23, 1906, but, for some reason, the notice, when first published on November 23, 1905, gave the date of the sale as “December 23, 1906.” After two more publications, November 30th, and December 7th, 1905, the date was corrected so as to read “January 23, 1906,” Thereafter, three more publications were made, on December 14th, 21st, and 28th, 1905. Counsel for the appellant insist that this error is cured or rendered harmless by a provision of see. 6 of ch. 31 of the Code, ser. sec. 1064, which reads as follows : “And no sale of any such reál estate as is sold by such shei’iff, as aforesaid, or deed therefor to the purchaser thereof, shall be, in any way or manner affected by reason of any mistake in the publication, of such list or notice, * * as to the name of the owner, the quantity or location thereof, the amount for which it is to be sold, the year or years for which it is delinquent, or otherwise. ’ ’ In addition to this, the curative provisions of sec. 25 of said ch. 31, are relied upon.
The mistake in . question is not one of those specifically mentioned in the curative clause found in see. 6 of ch. 31. ■Whether the phrase “or otherwise,” general in its terms, reaches it and relieves therefrom, depends upon whether the rule of construction, indicated by the phrase ejusdem generis,
None of the mistakes specifically mentioned in the statute and rendered harmless thereby, pertain to the time of sale. They are limited to the identity of the land and the cause of sale, and they relate to things required to be shown in the Auditor’s list and what is designated in the prescribed form of notice, as a “Table.” This table provides spaces for the
Beyond section 6, there is a0provision in section 25 of the same chapter, which constitutes a part of the context, since it and sec. 6 relate to the same general subject, sales of delinquent lands. In different forms, but having the same purpose and effect, they were parts of the Act of Feb’y- 9, 1814'. In that old, act, one clause required publication of notice, and the other denied all right to question the regularity of the proceedings, after the period allowed for redemption, so as to affect the title of the purchaser, unless such irregularity appeared on the face of the proceedings. Some exceptions, not material here, were provided for. As amended and now - found in sec. 25, ch. 31, Code, this provision vests title in the grantee in the deed to a tax sale purchaser, “Notwithstanding any irregularity in the proceedings under which the land was sold, not herein provided for, unless such irregularity appear on the face of such proceedings of record in the office of the clerk of the county court.” Neither by the Act of 1814, nor by any subsequent act, is. the notice of sale required to be recorded. Hence, an irregularity or mistake in it could not legally appear on the face of the proceedings, and it was held in Flanagan v. Grimmett, 10 Gratt. 421 and Hobbes v. Shumates, 11 Gratt. 516, not only that publication of the notice was an act in pais, not required to be recorded, but, also, that a mistake or defect in the publication constituted no ground for relief against a tax deed. Then the statute was silent as to a mistake in the notice. Now it deals with that subject, and an inquiry arises as to whether the amendment, dealing with it, has modified the general curative provision of the Act of Feb’y. 9, 1814 and sec. 25 of eh. 31 of the Code.
The Act of 1814 prescribed a very general form of notice to the effect that, on the day fixed by law for sale of delinquent lands, all of such lands in the county would be sold, and that lists thereof might be seen in the clerk’s office of the county, in the possession of the sheriff, or in the office of the Auditor. No list or abstract thereof was required to be published or posted. In the revision made by ch. 117 of the Acts of 1872, this method was not materially altered. It was modified by
Under no rule of interpretation, could the phrase ‘ ‘ Or otherwise, ” as it stood in the act of 1882, have been limited in its operation, to the list alone. Though the mistakes enumerated in the preceding words of the clause all related to things shown only on the list, the.words of the clause expressly included the notice, a separate paper. In this extension of the words of the clause to the notice, the legislature expressed its intention to make the general phrase at the end thereof go to things in the notice, notwithstanding the difference in character between them and those enumerated. To reach the notice, as the clause said it should, it had to go beyond the enumerated subjects, for none of them were in the notice. This expression of intention to make the clause extend to the notice as well as the list was the manifestation of legislative purpose to adhere to the policy of the old act of 1814, as it had been defined by the two decisions above referred to, and not to limit or modify the provision inhibiting contestation of tax deeds, on irregularities not appearing on the face of the proceedings. The enlargement of the notice by the act of 1883, so as to make it include an abstract of the list, does not indicate
Whether omission to publish the notice at all would vitiate the sale, we are not called upon to determine. There was a notice and, as published for three successive weeks before the sale, it was free from error. It was defective only in respect of the period of publication and posting. It was very much like the mistake disposed of in Flanagan v. Grimmett, failure to publish the notice for a sufficient period. By a recital in the deed, it appeared to have been published for two months instead of the legal period of three months. The court held the recital of compliance with the statute, as to the time of publication, was unnecessary. Going beyond this, Judge Allen, speaking for the court, said: ‘! Nor do I conceive that such deed could be questioned by parol proof of a failure to advertise the sale as the law prescribes.” The judgment entered in the cause adopted this view, saying: “It seems to the court here * * * that after the time for redemption allowed by the 36th section of said act shall have elapsed, it would not be competent by parol testimony, to impeach such deed for such failure.” This conclusion was repeated and applied in Hobbes v. Shumates, cited. These two decisions are as authoritative here as if they had been rendered by this court.
The imperfection of the notice, when first published, might have occasioned inconvenience, but would probably'not have mislead anybody. The error was a mere clerical or typographical one, self-corrective in the mind of an intelligent man. • Knowing the law, or having it in his power easily to ascertain it, he would have at once observed the error and seen that the notice was intended for Jany. 23rd instead of Dec. 23rd. Almost every citizen knows when the termá of court arc held in his county, and the usual dates of delinquent land sales. Anybody ought to know these sales are not advertised for a whole year, and that the law makes no provision for a publication of that length. Any prudent man interested in such a sale and seeing such a notice would at once make an inquiry as to the true date and ascertain it. The necessity
The conclusion here indicated may not be inconsistent with some recent decisions of this court, in which tax deeds have been set aside for matters not disclosed by the proceedings of record in the clerk’s office. In Lohr v. George et al., 65 W. Va. 241, and Coal & Coke Ry. Co. v. Marple, 70 W. Va. 136, deeds were set aside for fraudulent conspiracy on the part of the purchasers and others, stifling competition in the bidding. These decisions may be justifiable on the ground that fraud vitiates everything into which it enters. The statute does not, in terms, relieve from consequences of fraud. In Hardman v. Brannon, 70 W. Va. 726, a tax deed was set aside, because the sale was made on a day not appointed by law. This may be justifiable on the ground of total want of .authority in the officer at the time at which he attempted to make
For the reasons stated, the decree complained of will be reversed and the bill dismissed.
Reversed and bill dismissed.