In this matter involving the enforcement of a child support order issued in the province of Quebec, Canada, Joseph James Brian Kelly appeals as of right the trial court’s order enforcing the Quebec child support order under the principle of international comity. We affirm.
Serge and Claire Gaudreau are the maternal grandparents of the two minor children for whom the Quebec support order was issued. The children began living with the Gaudreaus on July 27, 2008, because neither Kelly nor their daughter, from whom he was divorced in September 2003, was able to care for them. On February 27, 2009, the Superior Court of Canada, Erovince of Quebec, District of Quebec, granted the Gaudreaus custody of the children and ordered Kelly to pay monthly child support in the amount of $1,005.81 (Canadian dollars). Kelly, however, did not pay his child support and accumulated an arrearage. After unsuccessful attempts to collect child support from Kelly, who had begun to live and work in the United States, the
Kelly argues that because Quebec is not a reciprocating state under the UIFSA, the trial court’s reliance on comity to enforce the Quebec child support order violated this state’s public policy as contained in the UIFSA. We disagree. Both the trial court’s determination that it had subject-matter jurisdiction
It is well-settled that the principle of comity is “the recognition which one nation allows within its territory to the legislative, executive, or judicial acts of another nation, having due regard both to international duty and convenience and to the rights of its own citizens or of other persons who are under the protection of its laws.”
[W]here there has been opportunity for a full and fair trial abroad before a court of competent jurisdiction, conducting the trial upon regular proceedings, after due citation or voluntary appearance of the defendant, and under a system of jurisprudence likely to secure an impartial administration of justice between the citizens of its own country and those of other countries, and there is nothing to show either prejudice in the court[] or in the system of laws under which it was sitting, or fraud in procuring the judgment, or any other special reason why the comity of this nation should not allow it full effect, the merits of the case should not, in an action brought in this country upon the judgment, be tried afresh, as on a new trial or an
*153 appeal, upon the mere assertion of the party that the judgment was erroneous in law or in fact.[10 ]
Before comity is invoked and a final decision is imposed on a party, “it is the paramount duty of the court before which any suit is brought to see to it that the parties have had a fair and impartial trial[.]”
When an action is brought in a court of this country, by a citizen of a foreign country against one of our own citizens, to recover a sum of money adjudged by a court of that country to be due from the defendant to the plaintiff, and the foreign judgment appears to have been rendered by a competent court having jurisdiction of the cause and of the parties, and upon due allegations and proofs and opportunity to defend against them, and its proceedings are according to the course of a civilized jurisprudence, and are stated in a clear and formal record, the judgment is prima facie evidence, at least, of the truth of the matter adjudged; and it should be held conclusive upon the merits tried in the foreign court, unless some special ground is shown for impeaching the judgment, as by showing that it was affected by fraud or prejudice, or that by the principles of international law and by the comity of our own country it should not be given full credit and effect.[12 ]
In this case, the trial court found that it had been presented with “clear and formal pleadings of record filed in the Quebec court.” The trial court specifically held that “[i]t is evident from the February 27, 2010 [sic] Order in Quebec, Canada that [Kelly] had a fair hearing on the merits and that he was represented by counsel, and actively participated in the proceeding.” The Quebec order is signed by the Honorable Claude
Kelly testified that he was aware of the proceedings in Quebec and that he had retained an attorney to represent him in those proceedings. Although neither Kelly nor his attorney were present at the hearing, there is documentary evidence that both Kelly and his attorney had notice of the hearing in Quebec regarding child support and Kelly’s attorney responded to the Gaudreaus’ motion. At the instant evidentiary hearing, Kelly testified that there was nothing that had prevented him from appearing at the hearing other than “the hardship of getting there.” Clearly, Kelly had every opportunity to take part in the hearing and defend against the Gaudreaus’ allegations.
Regarding the calculation of benefits, the Gaudreaus’ Canadian attorney, Sandra Armanda, sent a series of letters to Kelly’s Canadian attorney and those letters are part of the record. Appended to the letters are the Quebec regulations regarding the determination of child support, including a schedule I form for Kelly to use to calculate his own child support under the Canadian regulations, and a schedule II form, which is the basic parental contribution determination table. At the evidentiary hearing in the instant case, Armanda testified at length and with specificity regarding how she had calculated the child support number using Kelly’s W-2, the children’s mother’s income, the Quebec child
The record here contains ample evidence substantiating the content of the foreign judgment.
Kelly next argues that the trial court’s enforcement of the Quebec child support order was in error because the order failed to award him any parenting time. We disagree. Because Kelly raises this issue for the first time on appeal, this issue is unpreserved.
“[T]he focus of parenting time is to foster a strong relationship between the child and the child’s parents.”
There is no evidence in the record that Kelly ever requested parenting time with his children before the Quebec court or the trial court. Kelly admits in his brief on appeal that he raises the issue for the first time before this Court. Kelly was not required to file a written motion to modify parenting time.
Affirmed.
MCL 552.1101 et seq.
MCL 780.151 et seq. (Revised Uniform Reciprocal Enforcement of Support Act).
Rudolph Steiner Sch of Ann Arbor v Ann Arbor Charter Twp, 237 Mich App 721, 730; 605 NW2d 18 (1999).
Hare v Starr Commonwealth Corp, 291 Mich App 206, 214; 813 NW2d 752 (2011).
MCR 2.613(C); Alan Custom Homes, Inc v Krol, 256 Mich App 505, 512; 667 NW2d 379 (2003).
MCR 2.613(C).
Walters v Snyder, 239 Mich App 453, 456; 608 NW2d 97 (2000).
Dart v Dart, 460 Mich 573, 580; 597 NW2d 82 (1999) (citation and quotation marks omitted).
Hilton v Guyot, 159 US 113, 163-164; 16 S Ct 139; 40 L Ed 95 (1895).
Dart, 460 Mich at 581, quoting Hilton, 159 US at 202-203 (quotation marks omitted).
Hilton, 159 US at 205.
Id. at 205-206.
Id.
MCL 552.1104(f).
Snyder, 239 Mich App at 456.
Polkton Charter Twp v Pellegrom, 265 Mich App 88, 95; 693 NW2d 170 (2005).
Booth Newspapers, Inc v Univ of Mich Bd. of Regents, 444 Mich 211, 234; 507 NW2d 422 (1993).
MCL 722.28; Borowsky v Borowsky, 273 Mich App 666, 688; 733 NW2d 71 (2007).
Shade v Wright, 291 Mich App 17, 29; 805 NW2d 1 (2010).
Brown v Loveman, 260 Mich App 576, 595; 680 NW2d 432 (2004), citing MCL 722.27a(l).
MCL 722.23; MCL 722.27a(6).
Shade, 291 Mich App at 31.
Pickering v Pickering, 268 Mich App 1, 6-7; 706 NW2d 835 (2005); MCR 2.119(A)(1).
Pickering, 268 Mich App at 7; MCR 2.119(A)(1); MCL 722.27a(7).
Shade, 291 Mich App at 31-32.
Borowsky, 273 Mich App at 688.