OPINION
Margarita Garza de Escabedo appeals a judgment entered against her in a lawsuit filed by Aaron Glenn Haygood. Escabedo raises four issues on appeal. We reverse in part and conditionally affirm in part.
Background
Hаygood filed a lawsuit against Escabe-do for injuries he sustained in an automobile collision caused by Escabedo. Before trial, Escabedo sought by written motion *5 to exclude “any evidence or testimony of any amount of medical or health care bills in excess of the amount actually paid or incurred by or on behalf of [Haygood].” Escabedo argued that such an exclusion was required by section 41.0105 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code, which she asserted “limited recoverable medical care expenses to ‘amounts actually paid or incurred by or on behalf of the claimant.’ ” 1 She stated in her motion that
[ejvidence relating to an improper measure of damages is irrelevant and constitutes no evidence^]
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The only evidence Plaintiff [Haygood] has concerning medical care expenses is the testimony of his treating physicians, Dr. Tomaszek and Dr. Kobza, and mediсal billing records affidavits. However, Dr. Tomaszek and numerous of the medical billing records affidavits readily admit that the bills have been adjusted downward, and the facilities have ... written off portions of those bills. Because any testimоny or record regarding the total amount billed addresses an incorrect measure of damages, such testimony or record is irrelevant and inadmissible.
This motion was denied by the trial court before trial, as was a second oral motion for rehearing on the matter. 2
Haygood also filed a pretrial motion to exclude, moving to exclude “evidence of, and offsets for, collateral sources.” In short, Haygood argued that evidence that an insurance company had made any payments to his medical care providers, or that a provider had reduced any portion of its bill, should be excluded from the evidence allowed at trial. The trial court granted this motion before trial.
At trial, Haygood was allowed to present evidence to the jury that his medical providers billed him a total of $110,069.12 for his medical care. No evidence of any reductions in these bills was аllowed. This was so even though it is uncontested that the portion of these bills paid by Medicare was only $14,482.02 and that the total amount for which Haygood was still liable was only $13,292.41. The remaining $82,294.69 had been written off by Hay-good’s providers as аdjustments required by Medicare. 3
The jury returned a verdict finding Es-cabedo negligent and assessing Haygood’s past medical care expenses at $110,069.12, the full amount presented at trial by Hay-good. Haygood subsequently filed a written motiоn requesting that the trial court enter a judgment awarding this amount. In response, Escabedo timely filed a written motion for judgment non obstante ve-redicto, arguing that Haygood had presented “[e]videnee relating to an improper measure of damages....” 4 As such, Esca- *6 bedo argued that this evidence was “irrelevant and eonstitute[d] no evidence.” After holding a hearing on these motions, the trial court signed a judgment awarding past medical care expenses in the full amount presented at trial. This appeal followed.
Legal Sufficiency
In her fourth issue, Escabedo asserts that the evidence of past medical care expense damages presented by Haygood at trial “relаted to the incorrect measure of damages.” She states that section 41.0105 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code “created a new measure of damages with respect to the recovery of medical or health care expenses.” Escabe-do argues that “[evidence relating to an improper measure of damages is irrelevant and constitutes no evidence [of damages.]” According to Escabedo, “[b]ecause the evidence admitted and considered by the jury related to the incorrect measure of damages, there [was] no evidence supporting the jury verdict or the trial court’s judgment with respect tо past medical care expenses.”
Standard of Review
The
amount
of damages to which a plaintiff is entitled is a question of fact for the jury to decide.
Burrell Eng’g & Constr. Co. v. Grisier,
We may set aside a verdict as based on legally insufficient evidence only if the evidence at trial would not enable reasonable and fair-minded people to reach the verdict under review.
See City of Keller v. Wilson,
Section 41.0105
In determining the proper measure of damages in this case, we must first address the interpretation of section 41.0105 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. Section 41.0105 reads as follows:
Evidence Relating to Amount of Economic Damages
In addition to any other limitation under law, recovery of medical or health care expenses incurred is limited to the amount actually paid or incurred by or on behalf of the claimant.
*7
Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem.Code Ann. § 41.0105 (Vernon 2008). The legislature enacted this statute in 2003 as a part of tort reform legislation.
See Matbon, Inc. v. Gries,
No. 11-06-00258-CV,
Section 41.0105 does not simply provide for the recovery of the amounts initially incurred by the claimant. See id. Instead, it limits the recovery to the amounts actually incurrеd by the claimant or on his behalf. See id. Amounts that a health care provider subsequently “writes off’ its bill do not constitute amounts actually incurred by the claimant or on his behalf because neither the claimant nor anyone acting оn his behalf will ultimately be liable for paying these amounts. See id.
Analysis
As its title reflects, section 41.0105, as a measure of damages, not only limits the amount of damages recoverable, but also affects the relevance of evidenсe offered to prove damages.
See
Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem.Code Ann. § 41.0105;
see also Porras,
Here, it is undisputed that “there were no admitted medical bills reflecting any actual payments.” Cf. Tex.R.App. P. 38.1(g) (formerly Tex.R.App. P. 38.1(f)). It is also undisputed that “[t]he only portion of the record which reflects actual payments is the оffer of proof [Escabedo] made in the trial court.” Cf. id. Therefore, there was no direct evidence before the jury of the amount actually paid or actually incurred by or on behalf of Hay-good. Instead, the evidence showed only the amount initially incurred by Haygood. Consequently, the evidence was legally insufficient to support the jury’s verdict awarding past medical care expense damages. We sustain Escabedo’s fourth issuе.
Conclusion 5
We ordinarily render judgment after sustaining a legal sufficiency issue.
*8
See Texarkana Mem’l Hosp., Inc. v. Murdock,
Because it is undisputed that $82,294.69 has been written off by Haygood’s providers as adjustments required by Medicare, we suggest a remittitur in that amount.
See
Tex.R.App. P. 46.3. If a remittitur is timely filed within fifteen (15) days from the date of this opinion, the trial court’s judgment as to liability will be affirmed, its judgnent as to “actual damages” will be reformed and affirmed in the amount of $62,274.43, and its judgment as to prejudgment interest will be reversed and rеmanded for recalculation.
6
See Collins & Aikman Floorcoverings, Inc. v. Thomason,
Notes
. See Tex Civ. Prac & Rem Code Ann. § 41.0105 (Vernon 2008).
. The clerk's record does not include a written order denying Escabedo’s initial motion. However, it is clear from the reporter's record that the trial court denied this motion.
. Haygood states in his brief that, "[i]n [his] Statement of the Case, and Facts[,] he has concurred with [Escabedo] as to [the] accuracy of the total medical expenses, the amounts still owed and the amounts paid by Medicare.” See Tex.R.App. P. 38.1(g) (formerly Tex R.App. P. 38.1(f)).
.Escabedo’s motion for judgment non ob-stante veredicto is contained in her "Response to Plaintiff's Motion for Judgment.” In her briefing, Escabedo asserts that she failed to file a motion for judgment non ob-stante veredicto and that this failure was not error. However, it is also clear from Escаbe-do's briefing that she did actually file the motion.
. In her remaining three issues, Escabedo asserts that the trial court reversibly erred by admitting Haygood’s evidence related to past medical care expenses, by excluding Escabe-do's evidence of the adjusted amount of medical care expense damages, and by entering a *8 judgment for medical care expense damages in excess of the amount actually paid or incurred. Because resolution of these issues is unnecessary to the final disposition of this appeal, we do not address them. See Tex. R.App P. 47.1.
. The trial court's judgment awarded Hay-good $144,569.12 in what it termed “actual damages.” This amount included Haygood’s past medical care expense damages. The reformed judgment for $62,274.43 includes all past medical care expense damages surviving remittitur, plus all other damages categorized as "actual damages” in the trial court's judgment. These other "actual damages” have not been challenged on appeal.