73 W. Va. 407 | W. Va. | 1913
On April 24, 1909, Davis conveyed to Martin a house and lot in the city of Huntington. A part of the purchase price was left unpaid. No vendor’s lien to secure the same was retained'in the deed. Martin later became insolvent, owing Garner and others. A deed of trust executed by Martin and wife, conveying the property for the security of the unpaid purchase money debt to Davis, was admitted to record on November 10, 1910. This deed of trust bore the same date as that of the deed from Davis to Martin. The certificates
Davis answered that the deed of trust did not constitute an unlawful preference — that it was executed at the time 'the debt secured by it was contracted, and was therefore within the saving of the statute. None of the other .defendants answered. Though plaintiff replied generally to the answer and filed the depositions of several witnesses, no evidence was offered in. contradiction thereto. The court granted the relief prayed for by plaintiff, and Davis has appealed.
Appellant submits that the deed of trust secured a bona fide debt contracted at the time the deed of trust was made, and that therefore by the proviso of thei statute, Code 1906, ch. 74, see. 2, it did not constitute an unlawful preference. But it clearly appears from the evidence that the deed of trust was not made and delivered until long after the debt undertaken to be preferred thereby had been contracted. Nothing in the ease except the mere date of the deed of trust tends to support appellant’s contention that it was made at the time the debt was contracted. The presumption arising from the data of the instrument is fully overcome by facts and circumstances in evidence showing that the deed of trust was not delivered so as to become operative until long after the debt was contracted and after Martin had become hopelessly insolvent. Indeed it is not even shown that a security for the debt was contemplated when the debt was contracted. From the facts and circumstances proved it would clearly seem that the making of this deed of trust was conceived long after the time of the date of the same. A debt, though bona
It is contended that the suit is barred by the statutory limit. But the- evidence proves beyond question that the instrument was not delivered to- appellant or to the trustee and thus made a complete, effective transfer until the fall of 1910. We-shall not dwell on the evidence. The testimony of Martin and that of his wife can not be misunderstood in this particular. The facts and circumstances proved by plaintiff are quite conclusive. Why did not appellant avail himself of the opportunity to prove otherwise? He was á party to the transaction and knew the date of the actual delivery of the deed. His silence in the face of what has been proved means something. It virtually confesses the fact that the delivery of the deed of trust was in the fall of 1910. The date of the deed of trust and of Martin’s acknowledgment thereto are unimportant, since the evidence shows that 'the instrument was not delivered until long after the time of either. All that has been argued as to the inadmissibility of parol evidence to show a mistake made by the notary in writing 1909 for 1910 in the date of Martin’s acknowledgment is wholly immaterial. A deed is not completely made until it is delivered by the grantor as such. The statute says that if the transfer is admitted to record within eight months after it-is made, the suit to declare it an unlawful preference shall be instituted within four months after the admission to record. Code 1906, ch. 74, sec. 2. Now, this deed of trust was admitted to record within eight months after the time that the evidence shows it was delivered by the grantor — in other words within eight months after it was made; and the suit was instituted within four months after the admission to record.- So the suit is within the time prescribed by the statute.
Again it is contended that the statute against preferences does not embrace the> payment of a bona fide debt within the meaning of preferences. Vet it does, when the payment is brought about through the force of a transfer constituting an unlawful preference. The statute directly prohibits thie securing of a pre-existing debt through any transfer by an insolvent debtor if the same operates as a preference over other
Let an order be entered affirming the decree.
Affirmed.