732 S.E.2d 289 | Ga. Ct. App. | 2012
After a jury trial, John Lamar Garmon was convicted of aggravated battery, burglary, and criminal attempt to commit armed robbery. As detailed below, we find that the evidence was sufficient to authorize Garmon’s convictions and the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying his motion to sever his trial from that of his co-defendant, Eddie Dodd. Accordingly, we affirm.
1. Garmon challenges the sufficiency of the evidence. On appeal, “the relevant question is whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.” (Citation omitted; emphasis in original.) Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U. S. 307, 319 (III) (B) (99 SC 2781, 61 LE2d 560) (1979).
So viewed, the evidence showed that, early in the morning on July 23,2008, Larry Cleveland awoke to find two men in his bedroom. The men beat Cleveland with their fists and a flashlight. The men also demanded his keys and money. Cleveland fought with the men and chased them out of his house. In doing so, he glimpsed both men’s faces. In the course of the altercation, Cleveland sustained injuries to his head that required numerous stitches and staples and resulted in a scar on his face. At trial, Cleveland identified John Garmon and Eddie Dodd as the two men he had seen in his bedroom.
“The testimony of a single witness is generally sufficient to establish a fact.” OCGA § 24-4-8; accord Wilcox v. State, 310 Ga. App. 382, 384-385 (713 SE2d 468) (2011). So Cleveland’s testimony that Garmon was one of the two men who came into his house, beat him with fists and a flashlight, and demanded his keys and money authorized the jury to find Garmon guilty of burglary, aggravated battery, and criminal attempt to commit armed robbery. See OCGA §§ 16-4-1 (a person commits criminal attempt when, with intent to commit a specific crime, he performs an act constituting a substantial step toward the crime’s commission); 16-5-24 (a) (a person commits aggravated battery when he maliciously causes another bodily harm by seriously disfiguring the victim’s body); 16-7-1 (b) (a person commits burglary when, without authority and with the intent to commit a felony or theft, he enters another’s dwelling house); 16-8-41
2. Garmon challenges the trial court’s denial of his motion to sever his trial from that of his co-defendant, Dodd. Where, as here, defendants are jointly indicted for a noncapital felony, they “may be tried jointly or separately in the discretion of the trial court.” OCGA § 17-8-4 (a).
In exercising that discretion, the court must consider the following factors: (1) Will the number of defendants create confusion as to the law and evidence applicable to each? (2) Is there a danger that evidence admissible against one defendant will be considered against the other despite the court’s instructions? (3) Are the defenses of the defendants antagonistic to each other or to each other’s rights?
(Citation and punctuation omitted.) Butler v. State, 290 Ga. 412, 413 (2) (721 SE2d 876) (2012).
Garmon asserts that the trial court was required to expressly address in its ruling each of the above three factors. We disagree. The requirement that a trial court consider certain factors in making a discretionary ruling does not necessarily mean that the court must expressly articulate in its ruling its specific findings on those factors. See Clay v. State, 290 Ga. 822, 835-837 (3) (B) (725 SE2d 260) (2012) (holding that trial court should apply five factors in conducting balancing test to determine admissibility of evidence of witness’s past conviction, when conviction was within ten years, but overruling Court of Appeals decisions requiring trial court to expressly list the specific factors in its ruling thereon). Garmon has cited no authority requiring the trial court to make express findings on each factor to be considered in ruling on a motion to sever. The statute authorizing the
Garmon also argues that “the trial court should have granted a severance in order to achieve a fair determination of [Garmon’s] guilt or innocence.” “[T]he exercise of a trial court’s discretion in denying a motion to sever will not be disturbed on appeal unless the defendant clearly demonstrates that he suffered prejudice by one or more of the [three] factors amounting to a denial of due process.” (Citation omitted.) Harper v. State, 300 Ga. App. 757, 769 (12) (686 SE2d 375) (2009).
Garmon asserts that he suffered prejudice by the first factor — that “the number of defendants create [d] confusion as to the law and evidence applicable to each,” Butler, 290 Ga. at 413 (2) — because, he contends, the evidence against Dodd was stronger than that against him, suggesting that “a jury may have, simply upon finding [Dodd] guilty, also found . . . Garmon guilty.” But “it is not enough for the defendant to show that he would have a better chance of acquittal at a separate trial or that the evidence against a co-defendant is stronger.” (Citations and punctuation omitted.) Butler, 290 Ga. at 413 (2). See also Owen v. State, 266 Ga. 312, 314 (2) (467 SE2d 325) (1996).
Garmon does not argue that he suffered prejudice by way of the other two factors pertinent to a motion to sever. He has not pointed to any evidence that he contends was not admissible against himself but was admissible against Dodd, and he has not claimed that his defense was antagonistic to that of Dodd. See White v. State, 308 Ga. App. 38, 42 (3) (706 SE2d 570) (2011).
Under these circumstances, we find that Garmon has not met his burden of showing clearly that the joint trial prejudiced his defense, resulting in a denial of due process. See Butler, 290 Ga. at 413-414 (2); Owen, 266 Ga. at 314 (2); White, 308 Ga. App. at 42 (3); Smith, 304 Ga. App. at 157-158 (4). Accordingly, we find that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion to sever. See Butler, 290 Ga. at 414 (2). Compare Crawford v. State, 148 Ga. App. 523, 525-526 (251 SE2d 602) (1978) (finding trial court erred in denying motion to sever in child cruelty case where the evidence and law applicable to the defendant was significantly different than that applicable to his two co-defendants, in that there was no evidence that the defendant was ever a party or witness to the co-defendants’ abuse of the child victim and the state sought to convict the defendant on a different legal theory than the co-defendants).
Judgment affirmed.
