228 S.W. 938 | Tex. Crim. App. | 1921
Appellant was convicted of burglary and his punishment assessed at two years in the penitentiary.
On the afternoon of May 27, 1920, the store of Max W. Meyer, situated about four miles from the City of New Braunfels, was burglarized. The appellant and Bentura Rodriguez were arrested that night in the City of San Antonio, charged with burglary. They were together sleeping on the same cot when arrested. Some of the property later identified as having come from the burglarized store was found, some under the cot and some lying on their clothes in the room. Both appellant and Rodriguez were placed in jail in Comal County, and they seem to have sent for the sheriff, Mr. Adams, and made a confession to him. The admission of this confession in evidence as against the appellant is made the basis of appellant's first bill of exceptions. The sheriff testified that the parties sent for him, and that he talked to both of them together in jail, and that both of them told him they burglarized the store in question and had hidden some of the property they got from the store "out close to a fence in some weeds this side of Meyer's store, about one hundred yards south." The sheriff further said that he was unwilling to risk finding the property from *607
the description they had given of the place; that he was afraid he would be unable to find it, and that he took the smaller of the men, Rodriguez, with him, and that he pointed out the place where they hid it, and that he, the sheriff, found the stuff at the place where appellant told him it was hidden, about one hundred yards this side of Meyer's store in the weeds. That appellant did not go with them but was left in jail. There is no contention that at the time the confession was made by appellant and his codefendant that any warning was given which would bring it within the statute as a written confession, but it is contended by the State that it was admissible because the statements made were found to be true, and conduced to establish his guilt, and fruits of the crime were discovered as a result of the confession. Art. 810 C.C.P. Vernons. Counsel for appellant insists that it was error to have permitted the confession of appellant to go before the jury, because the property was found not by reason of what he, appellant, told the sheriff, but was pointed out by his codefendant in his absence and while in jail, and, therefore, does not come within that clause of the statute on confessions providing, "unless in connection with said confession he makes statement of facts or circumstances that are found to be true, which conduce to establish his guilt, such as the finding of secreted or stolen property, or the instrument with which he he states the offense was committed." We are cited in appellant's brief, among other cases, to that of Crowder v. State, 28 Texas Crim. App. 51. That is perhaps the strongest case to which we are referred. After a discussion of the facts and some illustrations, the following language is used as stating the general rule: "We believe that the statute requires that the facts and circumstances stated by the accused must be found to be true in pursuance of or by means of the information received from the accused, and that if they are found to be true from any other source than that emanating from defendant, his confession will not be admissible." As a statement of a general rule the foregoing may be conceded to be the law, and yet it is well to know what facts the eminent jurist had in mind when it was written, because in view of the facts disclosed in that case the statement of the rule aforesaid is eminently pertinent. In that case a store had been burglarized and money stolen. I appeared that only one party had entered the store, and that he wore overshoes. A pair of overshoes was found in the sample room of a hotel where Crowder and another negro named Stewart worked and where the two slept. Crowder was arrested and put in the calaboose. If Stewart was ever arrested the record is silent with reference to it. James, the town marshall, made some statements to Crowder to the effect that he knew Stewart was connected with appellant in the burglary, and that some money had been found in the loft of the hotel. It appears this statement from James was not true, but thereupon Crowder told James that he, Crowder, had concealed the money at a certain place in the hotel loft. James went to look for the money but failed to find it, and returned to the calaboose to take *608
Crowder to the hotel and have him point it out. While James was gone after Crowder the other negro Stewart showed the hotel proprietor where he, Stewart, claimed Crowder had hid the money. The proprietor got the money, and when James brought Crowder to the hotel the latter went to the place where the money had been found, and when shown the money said he had gotten it from the store. Under that state of facts this court said: "From the evidence it is rendered certain that but one person entered the house. Was it the defendant, or was it Stewart? Did Stewart learn of the whereabouts of the money from defendant? Or did the defendant learn of the place where the money was hid from Stewart? Did the defendant steal the money and inform Stewart of the fact, and also inform him of its place of concealment? or did Stewart steal the money and give such information to defendant?" No such state of facts exist in the case now under consideration. The evidence discloses in this case that appellant and Rodriguez were acting together in burglarizing the store, and that both of them made confessions, being together at the time they were made, and made in the presence of each other. Under such state of facts the confessions of both or either would be admissible if not otherwise objectionable. Blake v. State, 81 Tex.Crim. Rep., 193 S.W. Rep., 1064. If Rodriguez had confessed in appellant's presence and appellant had remained silent, and Rodriguez had then gone and pointed out the property, it could not have been used against appellant. Couch v. State, 58 Tex.Crim. Rep., 126 S.W. Rep., 866. If Rodriguez had confessed in the absence of appellant and pointed out the property, it could not have been used against appellant. Overstreet v. State,
After the appellant was arrested and upon an examining trial before Emil Voelcker, justice of the peace, in Comal County, he made a voluntary statement under the statute which was offered by the State and admitted in evidence over the strenuous protest of the appellant. The next two bills of exception relate to that transaction and will be treated together. It is not necessary to set out the statement made by the appellant in full, but it was a confession of his guilt to the burglary as charged in the indictment, and associated with him in the burglary his codefendant Bentura Rodriguez. The two bills with reference to this matter are exceedingly long and will not be set out in full, but it appears therefrom that when the State called Emil Voelcker to the witness stand to prove the warning that had been given the appellant before the statement was made, the said Voelcker testified that he advised him, in substance, that he could make a statement if he desired to, but unless he did wish to make a statement that he need not do it, and that if he made any statement the same could be used "against him" or "for him." Appellant then objected to the introduction of the statement upon such answer of the witness, that he told the appellant the statement could be used either for or against him, because it did not comply with the statute, and, therefore, rendered the statement inadmissible; whereupon the district attorney proceeded further to examine the witness Voelcker, appellant's counsel objecting in various ways and upon many occasions. It appears that during the progress of further examination by the district attorney the statute was handed to the witness Voelcker and also the certificate made by him with reference to the examining trial or to the statement made by the appellant, and counsel's bills of exception undertake to present as error that the said witness had no right to refresh his recollection as to what character of warning he gave the appellant from an examination of the statute or his certificate. We agree with appellant's counsel that if a witness did in fact refresh his recollection from an inspection of the statute or pretend to do so, in the absence of a showing that the warning was read from the statute, or that the statute was in some way used in connection with the warning, it would be improper, but upon *610
a close inspection of the bill, while it states the statute was handed to him by the district attorney, and also his certificate, and states that after he had pretended to refresh his recollection he then made certain statements, but it nowhere appears in the bills that the witness Voelcker did in fact examine the statute, and, therefore, that feature of the bill of exceptions passes from our consideration. Upon counsel's contention that the witness had no right to refresh his recollection by reference to his certificate, we are cited to only one case, that of Brez v. State,
The only other bill of exceptions presented by appellant complains of the introduction in evidence of the testimony of the officers making the arrest of appellant and his codefendant as to finding some of the property stolen out of the burglarized store, because they were not taken from the personal possession of the appellant, or found in his exclusive possession under circumstances which involved the conscious assertion of ownership. We cannot agree with appellant in this contention. Appellant and his codefendant were shown to have been acting together at the time the store in question was burglarized, and seem to have come into San Antonio together in a car, and were found sleeping together on the same cot, and, as the officer testified, some of the stolen property was found under the cot and some lying on the clothes of appellant and his codefendant upon the floor. The officer testifies that it would be impossible for him to say in whose possession the property was found, but relates the circumstances under which he did find it. We find in Branch's Crim. Law, Sec. 241, the following general statement of the proposition applicable to the contention urged by appellant here, as follows: "Even after the conspiracy is ended, as an exception to the general rule it may be shown that a coconspirator or a codefendant was found in possession of the fruits of the crime, or the weapon or instrument with which the crime was committed," and many cases cited to support such general statement, which we think it unnecessary to cite here. In many of those cases it will be found that the party then on trial was not present at the time the property was found, but was at another and different place, and still the testimony was admitted, but in the instant case the appellant and his codefendant were together, and the property was found at least under their joint care and possession, and the admission of such testimony presents no error.
Having found no reversible error in the record the judgment is affirmed.
Affirmed. *612