256 P. 564 | Cal. Ct. App. | 1927
This is a writ of review to annul an award made by the Industrial Accident Commission against petitioner Gabel for injuries sustained by respondent Bach while fighting a grass fire on petitioner's premises under his direction and alleged employment.
[1] The petitioner Gabel and the respondent Bach were farmers, friends, and neighbors, who owned and operated adjoining stock ranches in the vicinity of Oakdale, California. For fifteen years they were partners in a farming enterprise. Some three or four years prior to the accident they dissolved partnership, but retained a specific agreement continuing on down through the years to the time of the accident, to exchange farm labor, serving each other in this capacity upon request and whenever required. There was no monetary compensation for services, but it was mutually agreed that they would equalize their service as nearly as possible, the assistance of one balancing the services of the other. The nature of this exchange work included everything which arose in the operation of their respective farms, including the repairing of buildings and fences, caring for the stock, and general farm work. Each of these neighbors relied almost solely upon the other for farm assistance and rarely ever employed any other help. Both of them by mutual agreement carried compensation insurance, largely for the protection of each other. Mr. *124 Bach testified: "I took out the insurance policy to protect Mr. Gabel, and any other hired help I had. These policies were taken out to protect one another; that is the biggest work we have, we do most of the work for each other."
Mr. Gabel virtually corroborated this statement. Besides owning adjoining farms, the petitioner and respondent were next-door neighbors in Oakdale. On July 5, 1926, while petitioner and respondent were at their respective homes in Oakdale, a fire-alarm was heard, and upon inquiry at the fire department it was learned that a dangerous grass fire was burning a few miles distant, near Knights Ferry and about a mile northerly from their ranches. The rural firetruck immediately started for the fire. Petitioner and respondent rode out together in another car. They found the fire burning fiercely and spreading rapidly in a southerly direction toward their ranches. Both ranches were in the course of the fire, but respondent's ranch was situated about a mile beyond petitioner's farm. In spite of the efforts of the fire-fighters, consisting of half a dozen men with the aid of the rural fire-engine, the fire jumped the highway and spread until it covered a front of approximately a mile in extent. Becoming alarmed for the safety of his buildings, the petitioner Gabel went to respondent Bach and said: "Go on the truck, and go over to my place and try to save my buildings and feed there." Bach left the position where he was then engaged in fighting the fire and went over to the Gabel ranch in the neighborhood of the house and was engaged in trying to control the flames by the use of a hose. The fire apparatus became disabled; the pump stopped working and the water ceased flowing. The other men ran away, but Bach was surrounded by dense smoke and flames, and in attempting to make his escape was compelled to pass through the burning grass and flames. His face, hands, neck, head, and feet were badly burned. He was taken to a hospital for treatment and was completely incapacitated for several weeks.
Upon application the Industrial Accident Commission made an award of four dollars per day wages during the period of disability, and found that Bach sustained his injuries in the course of his employment for Gabel as a ranch hand. This finding and award is challenged by petitioners on the theory that the relation of master and servant did *125 not exist between the parties with respect to the services which were being performed at the particular time the injuries were sustained, and on the contrary assert that respondent was burned while he was engaged in the performance of voluntary services.
The only question presented upon this writ is whether the facts above recited constituted an employment of respondent Bach so as to make petitioners liable under the Workmen's Compensation Act [Stats. 1917, p. 831].
[2] In order to create a liability, the facts must bring the relationship of the parties within the provisions of sections
In the instant case the Industrial Accident Commission has found that the contract was made, and that the respondent Bach was injured in the course of his employment. [4] "Where the findings are supported by substantial testimony, even though there may be a conflict of evidence, the findings will be upheld." (27 Cal. Jur. 578, sec. 218; White v. Industrial Acc.Com.,
There was, however, no substantial conflict of evidence in this case. Both parties agree as to the terms of their contract to exchange labor, as to their purpose in taking out insurance to protect each other, and as to the circumstances of the particular employment which resulted in the injuries sustained. As it was said in the case of Tucker v. Cooper, above cited, the facts warrant the conclusion that Gabel not only definitely directed the respondent Bach what to do, but that both parties assumed that this particular service was pursuant to the specific directions and under the control of petitioner Gabel. "Take the truck and go down there and save my buildings," he instructed the respondent. These specific directions refute the theory of a voluntary service. (County of Monterey v. Industrial Acc.Com.,
A more serious question may be whether this special emergency service came within the terms of their agreement to exchange work about their respective farms. Of course, fighting fire is not what would be termed farm work. But it must be recalled that these neighbors had been friends and *127 partners, but were now operating their respective stock ranches independently, although they still retained a mutual interest in the welfare of each other. Under such circumstances they agreed to exchange work about their farms whenever it was required. The terms of the contract were not limited to "farm work." It was testified that the agreement included "any general work, any kind of work that comes up." Among other classes of work specified was "remodeling and repairing buildings, fences, corrals — grading, dehorning and delivering cattle at the railway station and marketing of stock."
It seems evident that the contract of employment was quite general and included almost any service for the operation, maintenance, or preservation of their respective farms and the improvements which they contained. If a regular hired man, or handy man about a farm, should be injured in fighting a fire which started in his employer's dwelling-house or barn upon the premises where he was engaged to work, it seems entirely reasonable to hold that such injuries would be sustained in the course of his employment.
Nor should the friendship of the parties preclude a recovery.[5] Relationship and friendship are circumstances to be considered in determining whether a contract of employment in fact existed. The relationship of husband and wife, or parent and minor child, might raise a presumption against an alleged contract of employment, but it would be a violent, harsh, and unnatural construction to even presume that the friendship of parties would be in conflict with the theory of an employment. In truth, friendship is often an inducing motive for employment. (27 Cal. Jur. 281, sec. 20.)
We are of the opinion that there is substantial evidence to support the finding that the respondent was injured in the course of his employment.
The award is affirmed.
Finch, P.J., and Plummer, J., concurred. *128