Franklin Sugar-Refining Co. v. Funch

73 F. 844 | 3rd Cir. | 1896

ACHESON, Circuit Judge.

These two appeals are closely related, and they will be considered together.

1. The ground upon which the court below' put its refusal to make an order under Sup. Ct. Rule 53, in admiralty, requiring the respondents in the cross libel to give security and for a stay of the proceedings upon the original libel until security should be given, was that the application for security and stay was not made as “promptly as it might and should have been, nor until the original libelants had taken their testimony, and incurred the expense of doing so”; and that “to stay proceedings after this lapse of time and under the circumstances would seem to be unjust.” The rule in question provides for the giving of security by the respondents in a cross libel, “unless the court,' on cause shown, shall otherwise direct.” The rule does not give to the libelants in a cross libel an absolute right to security, for, “on canse shown,” the court may “otherwise direct.” Here the court did otherwise direct, upon the ground of unreasonable delay in the application for the benefit of the rule. Now, assuming that, in the exercise of the authority with which it is invested by this rule, the court may commit an error that would subject its action to the reviewing power of this court, still there ought to be no reversal, unless it clearly appears that the action of the court was unwarrantable. It is not, however, evident to us, that the court below was wrong in holding that the cross libelants bad been guilty of inexcusable delay. We perceive no ground to conclude that good and sufficient cause was not shown for the refusal of the court to make the order asked for.

2. The appeal in the suit upon the cross libel from the order refusing the application for security and slay did not operate to suspend the proceedings in the original suit, and the court committed no error in going on to final hearing therein.

3. The original libel was filed by bunch, Edye & Co., as trustees for the owners of the steamship Sophie Rickmers, upon a general average bond executed by the respondents (the appellants), who were cargo owners. With respect to the merits of (.he case, the only defense set up was that the vessel was unseaworthy. No evidence, however, was given on behalf of the respondents to sustain the allegation of unseaworthiness contained in their answer. The respondents took the position in the court below, and they insist: here, that the burden of proving seaworthiness was upon the libelants, and that they failed to sustain that burden. The court below held that the libelants’ proofs made out a.prima facie case for them; citing Railroad Co. v. Broadnax, 109 Pa. St. 432, 440, 1 Atl. 228. In the brief of the appellant’s counsel, it is admitted time that case was identical in proof with the present one. The supreme court of Pennsylvania there said:

“The execution of the bond was shown. The adjustment was jiro von to have been made in accordance with the laws and usages of the port of destination; and it cannot be doubled that the bond, with its recitals and the adjustment made pursuant thereto, constituted a prima facie case for the plaintiff. The court was right, we think, in refusing to charge the jury that the plaintiff was bound to prove the seaworthiness of the vessel, as a condition of his recovery.” " - -

It is contended by the appellants that the above-cited decision, and also the ruling of the court below in this case, are at variance with the views of the supreme court, of the United.States, as announced in the case of The Edwin I. Morrison, 153 U. S. 199, 14 Sup. Ct. 823. To this proposition, however, we are not able to assent. In the case of The Edwin I. Morrison, which was a suit by the cargo owner against the vessel to recover for damages to the cargo, the circumstances attending the injury to the cargo were such as to cast upon the shipowners the burden of showing seaworthiness. “It was for them,” said the court, “to show affirmatively the safety of the cap and plate, and that they were carried away by extraordinary contingencies, not reasonably to have been anticipated;” and it was held that the shipowners had failed to sustain the burden of proof to which the occurrence subjected them. In the present case the respondents’ general average bond recites that the vessel, “in the due prosecution of her said voyage, encountered strong winds and a heavy sea, which caused the vessel to labor severely.” In view of this admission, the libelants, we think, could well rest upon the presumption that the vessel was seaworthy at the commencement of the voyage, until that presumption was overthrown by proof. Railroad Co. v. Broadnax, supra; Myers v. Insurance Co., 26 Pa. St. 192, 195; 2 Greenl. Ev. § 401; Guy v. Insurance Co., 30 Fed. 695; Earnmoor v. Insurance Co., 40 Fed. 847; Pickup v. Insurance Co., 3 Q. B. Div. 594. The case made by the libelants, it will be remembered, was not met by any counter proof.

We have to add, however, that the libelants’ case does not depend exclusively upon the presumption that the vessel was seaworthy when her voyage began. This record contains affirmative evidence that such was the fact. Among the exhibits found in tiie record is a copy of a report of survey of the vessel made immediately before she entered upon this voyage, which sets forth that “the ship was then tight and in seaworthy condition.” The appellants, indeed, in a supplemental brief furnished us since the oral argument, assert that this paper was inadmissible, and in fact was not in evidence in the court below, and that it ought not to be considered, here. But we are not at liberty to listen to this suggestion; for not only doeá rule 12 of this court forbid the allow-ance of the objection now made to the exhibit, but, by stipulation of counsel, this document was made part of the record' upon this appeal.

The ordel appealed from and the decree in favor of the libelants are affirmed.