Lead Opinion
Defendants
We review de novo whether a court has jurisdiction. City of Riverview v Sibley Limestone, 270 Mich App 627, 636; 716 NW2d 615 (2006). A jurisdictional challenge may be raised at any time. Smith v Smith, 218 Mich App 727, 729-730; 555 NW2d 271 (1996). We also review de novo questions of statutory interpretation. Grimes v Mich Dep’t of Transp, 475 Mich 72, 76; 715 NW2d 275 (2006). “The main goal of judicial construction of a statute is to ascertain and to give effect to the intent of the Legislature.” Alvan Motor Freight, Inc v Dep’t of Treasury, 281 Mich App 35, 39; 761 NW2d 269 (2008) (citation and quotation marks omitted). We apply the same principles of interpretation to court rules as we do to statutes. Haliw v Sterling Hts, 471 Mich 700, 704; 691 NW2d 753 (2005). Accordingly, we begin by examining the language of the relevant statutes and court rules. See id. at 705.
We initially note that the leading case on point, and on which defendants rely, was decided before the “first-out rule,” MCR 7.215(J)(1), and cited a subsequently amended statute. We therefore take heed of plaintiffs
In Saba v Gray, 111 Mich App 304, 306-307; 314 NW2d 597 (1981), the defendant filed a motion to change venue from Wayne County to Monroe County; the trial court granted that motion and then entered an order over the plaintiffs objections. The plaintiff then moved for rehearing, which the trial court ultimately granted, concluding that venue was proper in Wayne County. Id. at 307. This Court observed that although the trial court had subject-matter jurisdiction over the kind of action at issue, the trial court did not have jurisdiction to exercise authority over a case pending in another circuit court. Id. at 308. This Court relied in part on MCL 600.1651, which, as it was then written,
An action brought in a county not designated as a proper county may nevertheless be tried therein, unless a defendant moves for a change of venue within the time and in the manner provided by court rule, in which case the court shall transfer the action to a proper county on such conditions relative to expense and costs as may be provided by court rule. The court of the county to which the transfer is made shall thereupon have full jurisdiction of the action as though the action had been originally commenced therein.
This Court noted that although the trial court’s clerk may not have entirely complied with the relevant court rule’s procedural dictates concerning written objections to the proposed order, the relevant court rule’s purpose was to ensure that an order comporting with the judge’s decision was entered, and because the judge had executed and entered such an order, the order was valid. Saba, 111 Mich App at 310-311. Because the order was
Pursuant to 1986 PA 178, MCL 600.1651 now provides:
An action brought in a county not designated as a proper county may nevertheless be tried therein, unless a defendant moves for a change of venue within the time and in the manner provided by court rule, in which case the court shall transfer the action to a proper county on such conditions relative to expense and costs as provided by court rule and section 1653. The court for the county to which the transfer is made shall have full jurisdiction of the action as though the action had been originally commenced therein.
The only change that is not obviously purely stylistic is that instead of transferring the action “on such conditions relative to expense and costs as may be provided by court rule,” the transferring court must now do so “on such conditions relative to expense and costs as provided by court rule and section 1653.”
Plaintiff argues that the new reference to MCL 600.1653 is significant. We disagree. Nothing in the amendment changes the fact that after the change of venue becomes effective, the transferee court has full jurisdiction of the action; consequently, the transferor court has none. Both versions of the statute explicitly reserve jurisdiction to the transferor court to impose “conditions relative to expense and costs.” Under MCL 600.1653, in relevant part, the transferor court must impose certain expenses on the party who opposed the
Under GCR 1963, 404 when Saba was decided, and presently under MCR 2.223(B), “the court” is to order the change of venue at cost to the plaintiff, “which may include reasonable compensation for the defendant’s expense, including reasonable attorney fees,” and if those expenses are not paid within a particular time, the action is to “be dismissed by the court to which it was transferred.” The court rules, therefore, have at all relevant times recognized there is a difference between the essentially residual jurisdiction to evaluate the costs to be imposed for the transfer — reserved to the transferor court — and the jurisdiction to take any kind of substantive action in the matter — belonging only to the transferee court.
Under MCR 2.119(F)(1), a specific period
A plain reading of MCR 2.119(F) provides a right to move for rehearing or reconsideration, but it does not reveal any requirement that orders remain pending for any period. We also find somewhat instructive this Court’s analysis of MCR 2.227(B)(1), under which after the transfer of an action for lack of jurisdiction in the original court, “[t]he action proceeds in the court to which it is transferred as if it had been originally filed there.” While applicable in a substantially different situation, this language is strikingly similar to the second sentence of MCL 600.1651. After a transfer under MCR 2.227, “ ‘the rulings of the original court become, in effect, the rulings of the new court.’ ” Brooks v Mammo, 254 Mich App 486, 497; 657 NW2d 793 (2002) (citations omitted). We think the same result must be achieved by the similar language of MCL 600.1651.
Moreover, neither the amendment to MCL 600.1651 nor any part of MCL 600.1653 in any way suggests that the Legislature was attempting to grant the trial court jurisdictional authority to decide substantive issues like a motion for reconsideration after a change of venue. In effect, that would be a grant of permission to one court to interfere in the rulings of another. Rather, MCL 600.1653
We note it is possible that the transferee court may, out of deference to the transferor court or for some other reason, simply not entertain a motion to reconsider a decision made by the transferor court. However, in the event the transferee court denied a party the right to have its motion for reconsideration entertained, the transferee court would be immediately subject to superintending control by this Court. MCR 7.203(C)(1). Consequently, we are not concerned that a party will be absolutely unable to have its motion for reconsideration entertained.
We therefore need not consider defendants’ alternative argument that the trial court abused its discretion by granting the motion for reconsideration.
Reversed.
Because Keith Atkinson is not participating in this appeal, by “defendants” we refer only to Detroit Medical Center, Harper-Hutzel Hospital, Randy A. Lieberman, and Heart Care, EC.
See 1961 PA 236.
Twenty-one days as of the 2008 amendment of the court rule.
Generally now incorporated into MCR 2.612.
Generally now incorporated into MCR 2.611.
While legislative bill analyses are generally not favored as a way to gain insight into statutes, we note that 1986 PA 178 amended many statutory sections with the overall purpose of discouraging frivolous claims and defenses by awarding costs to prevailing parties. House Legislative Analysis, HB 5154, January 15, 1986. This supports our conclusion, which is based on a plain reading of the text of the statute, that the amendment to MCL 600.1651 was intended only to enhance the court’s already extant obligation to evaluate and impose costs on the plaintiff in the event venue is transferred.
Concurrence Opinion
(concurring). I concur in the result only.